Development of a Sandwich Immunosensor for concurrent detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) biomarkers.

Cancer Biomarkers are important biological molecules which provide early detection, diagnosis and classification of cancer cells. In this work, nanoparticle tags with different redox potentials have been used as an electrochemical coding technology for the simultaneous detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) biomarkers. As far as we know, this is the only work that covers the simultaneous detections of these biomarkers. For this purpose, basically, an electrochemical sandwich immunosensor, which was fabricated from carbon screen printed electrode, was utilized as a diagnostic platform. As nanoparticle tags, PbAu@ɣFeO, CuAu@ɣFeO and ZnAu@ɣFeO hybrid nanolabels were synthesized and used for labelling anti-CEA, anti-VEGF and anti-AFP, respectively. By monitoring differential pulse voltammetric oxidation peaks of labeling metals (Pb, Cu, Zn), CEA, VEGF and AFP biomarkers were detected at the same time.