School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Adv Parasitol. 2019;104:113-164. doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
Fasciolosis caused by trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola is a global disease of livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, water buffalo and goats. It is also a major human zoonosis with reports suggesting that 2.4-17 million people are infected worldwide, and 91.1 million people currently living at risk of infection. A unique feature of these worms is their reliance on a family of developmentally-regulated papain-like cysteine peptidases, termed cathepsins. These proteolytic enzymes play central roles in virulence, infection, tissue migration and modulation of host innate and adaptive immune responses. The availability of a Fasciola hepatica genome, and the exploitation of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies to probe parasite growth and development, has enlightened our understanding of the cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases. Here, we clarify the structure of the cathepsin-like cysteine peptidase families and, in this context, review the phylogenetics, structure, biochemistry and function of these enzymes in the host-parasite relationship.
由片形科吸虫引起的片形吸虫病是一种全球性的家畜疾病，特别是牛、羊、水牛和山羊。它也是一种主要的人类人畜共患病，有报道称全世界有 240 万至 1700 万人感染，目前有 9110 万人生活在感染风险之中。这些蠕虫的一个独特特征是它们依赖于一组发育调节的木瓜蛋白酶样半胱氨酸肽酶，称为组织蛋白酶。这些蛋白水解酶在毒力、感染、组织迁移和调节宿主先天和适应性免疫反应中发挥核心作用。由于有了一个 Fasciola hepatica 基因组，以及利用转录组学和蛋白质组学技术来探测寄生虫的生长和发育，我们对类组织蛋白酶半胱氨酸肽酶有了更深入的了解。在这里，我们澄清了类组织蛋白酶半胱氨酸肽酶家族的结构，并在这种情况下，回顾了这些酶在宿主-寄生虫关系中的系统发生、结构、生物化学和功能。
