School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Adv Parasitol. 2019;104:247-326. doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.02.004. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections represent a major public health problem globally, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged populations. Detection of STH infections is often challenging, requiring a combination of diagnostic techniques to achieve acceptable sensitivity and specificity, particularly in low infection-intensity situations. The microscopy-based Kato-Katz remains the most widely used method but has low sensitivity in the detection of, for instance, Strongyloides spp. infections, among others. Antigen/antibody assays can be more sensitive but are parasite species-specific. Highly sensitive PCR methods have been developed to be multiplexed to allow multi-species detection. Novel diagnostic tests for all STH species are needed for effective monitoring, evaluation of chemotherapy programmes, and to assess the potential emergence of parasite resistance. This review discusses available diagnostic methods for the different stages of STH control programmes, which vary in sensitivity and spectrum of detection requirements, and tools to evaluate drug efficacy and resistance.
土壤传播性蠕虫（STH）感染是一个全球性的主要公共卫生问题，特别是在社会经济处于不利地位的人群中。STH 感染的检测通常具有挑战性，需要结合多种诊断技术以达到可接受的灵敏度和特异性，尤其是在低感染强度的情况下。基于显微镜的加藤厚涂片法仍然是最广泛使用的方法，但在检测某些寄生虫感染（例如，类圆线虫属感染）时灵敏度较低。抗原/抗体检测可能更敏感，但具有寄生虫种特异性。已经开发了高度敏感的 PCR 方法，可以进行多重检测以实现多种物种的检测。需要新的诊断测试来检测所有 STH 物种，以便有效监测、评估化疗方案，并评估寄生虫耐药性的潜在出现。本文综述了不同 STH 控制规划阶段的现有诊断方法，这些方法在灵敏度和检测要求的范围上有所不同，以及评估药物疗效和耐药性的工具。
