College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
Food Funct. 2019 May 22;10(5):2290-2312. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01946k.
In recent years, natural polysaccharides have received increasing attention and become one type of popular dietary nutrient because of their various biological functions. In this paper, the sources, extraction, purification and structural characterization methods of natural polysaccharides are introduced. Natural polysaccharides are favorable for the proliferation of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, the presence of which can improve the intestinal microenvironment. Natural polysaccharides can not only enhance immunity, but also suppress excessive immune responses caused by various stimuli. In particular, natural polysaccharides can regulate immunity by acting directly on the immune cells and targeting the gut microbiota. Natural polysaccharides can enhance immunity by promoting beneficial microorganisms and strengthening the function of immune cells. However, natural polysaccharides can also suppress excessive inflammatory responses by improving the intestinal microbiota composition, strengthening intestinal barrier function, enhancing antioxidant activities, promoting SCFA production and reducing pro-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, a comprehensive review is presented on the impacts of natural polysaccharides on the gut microbiota and immune responses, as well as their interactions.
近年来，天然多糖因其多种生物功能而受到越来越多的关注，成为一种流行的膳食营养素。本文介绍了天然多糖的来源、提取、纯化和结构特征化方法。天然多糖有利于短链脂肪酸（SCFA）产生菌的增殖，这些细菌的存在可以改善肠道微环境。天然多糖不仅可以增强免疫力，还可以抑制各种刺激引起的过度免疫反应。特别是，天然多糖可以通过直接作用于免疫细胞和针对肠道微生物群来调节免疫。天然多糖可以通过促进有益微生物和增强免疫细胞的功能来增强免疫力。然而，天然多糖还可以通过改善肠道微生物群组成、增强肠道屏障功能、增强抗氧化活性、促进 SCFA 产生和减少促炎介质来抑制过度的炎症反应。因此，本文对天然多糖对肠道微生物群和免疫反应的影响及其相互作用进行了全面综述。
