Braid solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using fibers coated with silver-based nanomaterials in combination with HPLC with fluorometric detection.

Authors propose a novel braid support configuration for use in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. Two different braided supports (double and triple) were prepared and compared with the conventional single support configuration. Three kinds of silver-based nanomaterials that serve as coatings on these supports are described. They included silver dendrites, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and silver dendrites decorated with AgNPs (Ag-dendrites@AgNPs). They were prepared by electrodeposition, a layer-by-layer (LBL) method, and a hybrid strategy, respectively. Fibers were used in the direct-immersion (DI) mode of SPME. Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied as model analytes by DI-SPME when analyzing (spiked) underground waters. PAHs were further determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence detection. The analytical performance of the fibers was compared to that of the commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber of 100 μm thickness. AgNPs obtained by LBL was the best coating and the double braid was the best support configuration. The configuration of the SPME support always played an important role independently on the coating material, being always beneficial the use of double-braids. Despite the low coatings volumes of the silver-based fibers compared to that of PDMS, the analytical features of the method were adequate. Figures of merit include: (a) limits of detection down to 20 ng·L; (b) intra-day, inter-day, and inter-fiber precisions (expressed as RSDs) of <13%, <12%, and < 13%, respectively; and (c) adequate operational lifetime (>60 extractions). Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of braided solid-phase microextraction support configurations together with different silver-based nanomaterials as coatings.