Isaković Jasmina, Gorup Dunja, Mitrečić Dinko
Jasmina Isaković, Omnion Research International, Mirka Deanovića 9, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
Croat Med J. 2019 Apr 30;60(2):127-140. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2019.60.127.
To propose potential mechanisms of action of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on astrocytes and microglia and to elucidate the role of heat shock proteins (HSP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), calcium ions (Ca2+), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in neurorestoration following the application of EMF.
We reviewed the existing studies within the public domain and cross-evaluated their results in order to conclude on the molecular mechanisms of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk at work during EMF treatment.
The existing studies suggest that EMF induces the increase of HSP70 expression and inhibition of HIF1α, thus decreasing inflammation and allowing the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk to initiate the formation of a glial scar within the central nervous system. Furthermore, by potentially up-regulating A2A and A3 adenosine receptors, EMF increases cAMP accumulation from astrocytes and reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF α and IL-8, thus initiating neurorestoration.
The microglia-astrocyte crosstalk during EMF treatment is crucial for the initiation of neurorestoration. Elucidating the exact mechanisms of EMF actions upon microglia and astrocytes, and its role in neurorestoration could be a key step in further research of the therapeutic potential of EMFs in various neurological disorders.
提出电磁场（EMF）对星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的潜在作用机制，并阐明热休克蛋白（HSP）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、钙离子（Ca2+）和缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF1α）在应用EMF后神经修复中的作用。
我们回顾了公共领域内的现有研究，并对其结果进行交叉评估，以总结在EMF治疗过程中起作用的小胶质细胞-星形胶质细胞相互作用的分子机制。
现有研究表明，EMF诱导HSP70表达增加并抑制HIF1α，从而减轻炎症，并使小胶质细胞-星形胶质细胞相互作用启动中枢神经系统内胶质瘢痕的形成。此外，通过潜在地上调A2A和A3腺苷受体，EMF增加星形胶质细胞中cAMP的积累，并降低炎性细胞因子TNFα和IL-8的表达，从而启动神经修复。
EMF治疗过程中的小胶质细胞-星形胶质细胞相互作用对神经修复的启动至关重要。阐明EMF对小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞作用的确切机制及其在神经修复中的作用，可能是进一步研究EMF在各种神经系统疾病中治疗潜力的关键一步。
