Adani Shir, Cepanec Maja
Maja Cepanec, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, Borongajska cesta 83f, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
Croat Med J. 2019 Apr 30;60(2):141-149. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2019.60.141.
Perhaps due to different roles they have had in social groups during evolution, men and women differ in their verbal abilities. These differences are also (if not even more) present in children, both in the course of typical and pathological development. Beside the fact that girls have a well-documented advantage in early language development, almost all developmental disorders primarily affecting communication, speech, and language skills are more frequent in boys. The sex-related difference in the prevalence of these disorders is especially pronounced in autism spectrum disorder (1 girl for each 4-5 boys is affected). The aim of this review is to present the sex differences in typical communication and language development and in the prevalence of communication-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Also, a special focus is put on data from the field of neuroscience that might provide insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that can add to the understanding of this phenomenon. We argue that the functional organization of the female brain gives women an inherent advantage in the acquisition of communication and language system over men.
在进化过程中，男性和女性在社会群体中所扮演的角色或许有所不同，这导致了他们在语言能力上存在差异。这些差异在儿童身上也同样（甚至更）明显，无论是在正常发育还是病理发育过程中。除了女孩在早期语言发展方面具有确凿优势这一事实外，几乎所有主要影响沟通、言语和语言技能的发育障碍在男孩中更为常见。这些障碍患病率的性别差异在自闭症谱系障碍中尤为明显（每4至5名男孩中有1名女孩受影响）。本综述的目的是阐述正常沟通和语言发展中的性别差异，以及与沟通相关的神经发育障碍的患病率。此外，特别关注神经科学领域的数据，这些数据可能有助于深入了解神经生物学机制，从而增进对这一现象的理解。我们认为，女性大脑的功能组织使女性在获取沟通和语言系统方面相对于男性具有内在优势。
