Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Trends Parasitol. 2019 Jun;35(6):452-465. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.04.001. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Host specificity encompasses the range and diversity of host species that a parasite is capable of infecting and is considered a crucial measure of a parasite's potential to shift hosts and trigger disease emergence. Yet empirical studies rarely consider that regional observations only reflect a parasite's 'realized' host range under particular conditions: the true 'fundamental' range of host specificity is typically not approached. We provide an overview of challenges and directions in modelling host specificity under variable environmental conditions. Combining tractable modelling frameworks with multiple data sources that account for the strong interplay between a parasite's evolutionary history, transmission mode, and environmental filters that shape host-parasite interactions will improve efforts to quantify emerging disease risk in times of global change.
宿主特异性包括寄生虫能够感染的宿主物种的范围和多样性，被认为是衡量寄生虫转移宿主和引发疾病爆发潜力的关键指标。然而，实证研究很少考虑到区域观察结果仅反映了寄生虫在特定条件下的“实际”宿主范围：通常不会接近真正的“基本”宿主特异性范围。我们提供了一个关于在可变环境条件下模拟宿主特异性的挑战和方向的概述。将可处理的建模框架与多个数据源相结合，这些数据源考虑到寄生虫的进化历史、传播模式以及塑造宿主-寄生虫相互作用的环境过滤器之间的强烈相互作用，将有助于在全球变化时期量化新出现的疾病风险。
