Verderame Mariailaria, Scudiero Rosaria
Department of Biology, University Federico II, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
Department of Biology, University Federico II, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
C R Biol. 2019 Mar-May;342(3-4):81-89. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2019.04.001. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
The terrestrial lizard Podarcis siculus is the most abundant reptile in Italy, where is considered a ubiquitous species. This lizard is widely distributed from the islands to the Apennines, from cultivated fields to anthropized areas such as gardens and city parks. For this reason, these animals are exposed to extensive physical and chemical stresses, as well as to the possibility of coming into contact with industrial pollutants and substances used in agricultural practices. Here, we review the health status of lizard specimens inhabiting natural non-anthropized areas and fields devoted to organic farming, considering the condition of (1) liver, representing the main detoxifying organ, directly influenced by feeding, and (2) gonads, essential for reproduction and, therefore, for the survival of the species. The morphological and biomolecular condition of these organs was then compared with those obtained from lizard specimens experimentally treated with nonylphenol, a co-formulant of many insecticides and plant protection products widely used in conventional farming, known to have harmful estrogenic effects. Taken together, data demonstrate that lizards inhabiting manured soil are in good health status and show a regular morphology of liver, testis, and ovary. Animals are found to be less exposed to the toxic heavy metals cadmium and lead if compared with specimens collected in areas not devoted to agriculture, but probably more exposed to vehicular traffic. However, manure, as well as nonylphenol, exerts a xeno-estrogenic effect, particularly evident in male specimens, more sensitive to estrogenic contamination.
地中海壁蜥（Podarcis siculus）是意大利数量最多的爬行动物，在该国被视为一种常见物种。这种蜥蜴广泛分布于从岛屿到亚平宁山脉的区域，从耕地到花园和城市公园等人为活动频繁的区域都有它们的身影。因此，这些动物面临着广泛的物理和化学压力，以及接触工业污染物和农业生产中使用的物质的可能性。在这里，我们考察了栖息在自然未受人为干扰地区和有机农场的蜥蜴样本的健康状况，考虑了以下两个方面的情况：（1）肝脏，作为主要的解毒器官，直接受到饮食的影响；（2）性腺，对于繁殖以及物种的生存至关重要。然后将这些器官的形态和生物分子状况与用壬基酚进行实验处理的蜥蜴样本的相应状况进行比较，壬基酚是许多杀虫剂和植物保护产品的一种共同配方成分，在传统农业中广泛使用，已知具有有害的雌激素效应。综合来看，数据表明栖息在施有粪肥土壤中的蜥蜴健康状况良好，肝脏、睾丸和卵巢形态正常。与在非农业区域采集的样本相比，发现这些动物接触有毒重金属镉和铅的情况较少，但可能更多地接触到车辆交通排放物。然而，粪肥以及壬基酚都会产生外源性雌激素效应，在雄性样本中尤为明显，雄性对雌激素污染更为敏感。
