Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Aug 1;676:206-214. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.292. Epub 2019 Apr 23.
Climate-related factors (e.g. environmental energy, water availability and climatic seasonality/variability) and habitat heterogeneity have long been considered as the main drivers of species diversity on a broad spatial scale. However, it is controversial whether the above environmental factors can explain observed diversity patterns in varied communities such as invertebrate taxonomic group, especially mollusks. Moreover, there are until now few systematic assessments of the relative roles of different factors in determining the patterns of mollusk species diversity in monsoon-dominated regions. Here, we depict variations in terrestrial mollusk diversity based on a dataset comprising 282 assemblages collected from surface soils along an ~800-km climatic gradient from subtropical to warm temperate and mid-temperate regions in northern China. The results show that mollusk species diversity increases significantly from ~3-4 species to ~17-19 species when annual temperature and precipitation increase up to ~12 °C and ~700 mm, respectively; however, at or above these values the rate of increase is reduced. These indicate that the relationships between mollusk species diversity and climatic factors are nonlinear. Statistical analysis suggests that water availability (relative humidity) and temperature seasonality (January temperature and annual temperature range) dominate the observed pattern of mollusk species diversity. Moreover, habitat factors such as vegetation condition and soil types were also important in determining mollusk species diversity. They may be an indirect reflection of the effects of monsoonal water-energy dynamic on mollusk communities. Our results suggest that more attention should be paid to water availability and temperature seasonality in predicting future biodiversity changes, especially in the environmentally stressed northwestern part of the East Asian monsoon region.
气候相关因素（例如环境能量、水分可利用性和气候季节性/可变性）和生境异质性一直被认为是物种多样性在广泛空间尺度上的主要驱动因素。然而，上述环境因素是否能够解释在不同群落（如无脊椎动物分类群，特别是软体动物）中观察到的多样性模式，这仍然存在争议。此外，到目前为止，很少有系统评估不同因素在确定季风主导地区软体动物物种多样性模式中的相对作用。在这里，我们根据一个数据集描绘了陆地软体动物多样性的变化，该数据集包含了从中国北方亚热带到暖温带和中温带地区约 800 公里气候梯度的表层土壤中收集的 282 个组合。结果表明，当年平均温度和降水量分别增加到约 12°C 和 700mm 时，软体动物物种多样性从约 3-4 种显著增加到约 17-19 种；然而，在这些值或以上，增加的速度会降低。这表明软体动物物种多样性与气候因素之间的关系是非线性的。统计分析表明，水分可用性（相对湿度）和温度季节性（1 月温度和年温差）主导了软体动物物种多样性的观察模式。此外，植被状况和土壤类型等生境因素对软体动物物种多样性的决定也很重要。它们可能是季风水-能动态对软体动物群落影响的间接反映。我们的研究结果表明，在预测未来生物多样性变化时，应更加关注水分可用性和温度季节性，特别是在东亚季风区环境压力较大的西北部。
