National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Science. 2019 May 31;364(6443):890-894. doi: 10.1126/science.aav9632. Epub 2019 May 2.
Advances in ultrafast lasers, chirped pulse amplifiers, and frequency comb technology require fundamentally new pulse-modulation strategies capable of supporting unprecedentedly large bandwidth and high peak power while maintaining high spectral resolution. We demonstrate how dielectric metasurfaces can be leveraged to shape the temporal profile of a near-infrared femtosecond pulse. Finely tailored pulse-shaping operations, including splitting, compression, chirping, and higher-order distortion, are achieved using a Fourier-transform setup embedding metasurfaces able to manipulate, simultaneously and independently, the amplitude and phase of the constituent frequency components of the pulse. Exploiting metasurfaces to manipulate the temporal characteristics of light expands their impact and opens new vistas in the field of ultrafast science and technology.
超快激光、啁啾脉冲放大和频梳技术的进步需要全新的脉冲调制策略，这些策略能够支持前所未有的大带宽和高峰值功率，同时保持高光谱分辨率。我们展示了如何利用介电超表面来塑造近红外飞秒脉冲的时间轮廓。使用嵌入能够同时独立地控制脉冲的组成频率分量的幅度和相位的超表面的傅里叶变换装置，可以实现精细的脉冲整形操作，包括分裂、压缩、啁啾和更高阶的失真。利用超表面来控制光的时间特性扩展了它们的影响，并在超快科学和技术领域开辟了新的前景。
