Norfeldt Consulting, Sofielundsvägen 23A, Malmö, Sweden.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Pharm Sci. 2019 Sep;108(9):2838-2841. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.025. Epub 2019 May 2.
The future health-care system will contain an ever expanding number of digital elements. The data stored both at a centralized health-care level and at a local, patient level (e.g., on a smartphone) will be core elements when deciding treatment strategies in a health-care scenario with Internet of things-based elements. The current way of manufacturing pharmaceutical products and related existing logistic solutions is not ready for such a revolution. One of the key challenges is cybersecurity and related robust public key infrastructure solution. This work introduces one element of a potential solution at a prototype level: the concept of cryptopharmaceuticals where pharmaceutical products are connected in a patient-specific blockchain of individual dosage units. This technology is based on the concept where each produced dosage unit has a unique information-rich pattern. A proof-of-concept smartphone application was applied to demonstrate the visualization of this blockchain at different levels. This includes the manufacturing of the individualized dosage unit, the patient view for his/her personal blockchain, and integration of these products into a health Internet of things system. This unbreakable blockchain of personal medication history will provide means to avoid counterfeit products and to enable innovative logistic solutions.
未来的医疗保健系统将包含越来越多的数字元素。在基于物联网的医疗场景中，决定治疗策略时，存储在集中式医疗保健层面和本地患者层面（例如智能手机上）的数据将是核心要素。当前制造药品和相关现有物流解决方案的方式还没有为这样的革命做好准备。其中一个关键挑战是网络安全和相关强大的公钥基础设施解决方案。这项工作在原型级别介绍了潜在解决方案的一个要素：加密药物的概念，其中药品在患者特定的单个剂量单位区块链中连接。这项技术基于每个生产的剂量单位都具有独特的信息丰富模式的概念。已经应用了概念验证智能手机应用程序来演示在不同级别可视化此区块链。这包括个体化剂量单位的制造、患者个人区块链视图，以及将这些产品集成到健康物联网系统中。这种不可破解的个人用药历史区块链将提供避免假冒产品和实现创新物流解决方案的手段。
