Shevchenko Alexander I, Dementyeva Elena V, Zakharova Irina S, Zakian Suren M
Federal Research Centre "Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Novosibirsk, Russia.
Int J Dev Biol. 2019;63(3-4-5):223-233. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.180376as.
In eutherian mammals, dosage compensation arose to balance X-linked gene expression between sexes and relatively to autosomal gene expression in the evolution of sex chromosomes. Dosage compensation occurs in early mammalian development and comprises X chromosome upregulation and inactivation that are tightly coordinated epigenetic processes. Despite a uniform principle of dosage compensation, mechanisms of X chromosome inactivation and upregulation demonstrate a significant variability depending on sex, developmental stage, cell type, individual, and mammalian species. The review focuses on relationships between X chromosome inactivation and upregulation in mammalian early development.
在真兽亚纲哺乳动物中，剂量补偿的出现是为了在性别之间平衡X连锁基因的表达，并在性染色体进化过程中相对于常染色体基因表达进行平衡。剂量补偿发生在哺乳动物早期发育过程中，包括X染色体上调和失活，这是紧密协调的表观遗传过程。尽管剂量补偿有统一的原则，但X染色体失活和上调的机制在性别、发育阶段、细胞类型、个体和哺乳动物物种方面表现出显著差异。本综述重点关注哺乳动物早期发育中X染色体失活与上调之间的关系。
