Visualizing learner engagement, performance, and trajectories to evaluate and optimize online course design.

Learning analytics and visualizations make it possible to examine and communicate learners' engagement, performance, and trajectories in online courses to evaluate and optimize course design for learners. This is particularly valuable for workforce training involving employees who need to acquire new knowledge in the most effective manner. This paper introduces a set of metrics and visualizations that aim to capture key dynamical aspects of learner engagement, performance, and course trajectories. The metrics are applied to identify prototypical behavior and learning pathways through and interactions with course content, activities, and assessments. The approach is exemplified and empirically validated using more than 30 million separate logged events that capture activities of 1,608 Boeing engineers taking the MITxPro Course, "Architecture of Complex Systems," delivered in Fall 2016. Visualization results show course structure and patterns of learner interactions with course material, activities, and assessments. Tree visualizations are used to represent course hierarchical structures and explicit sequence of content modules. Learner trajectory networks represent pathways and interactions of individual learners through course modules, revealing patterns of learner engagement, content access strategies, and performance. Results provide evidence for instructors and course designers for evaluating the usage and effectiveness of course materials and intervention strategies.