Immunodynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Biophysical Analysis, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2019 Apr 24;10:788. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00788. eCollection 2019.
Plasma cells (PCs), the B lineage cells responsible for producing and secreting antibodies (Abs), are critical cellular components of the humoral immune system. While most of the antibody-secreting cells in the body have a rather short lifetime of a few days, some of them can become long-lived and persist in the body over the entire life span of an individual. The majority of these long-lived plasma cells secretes protective antibodies against pathogens, and are thereby crucial for the humoral component of immunological memory. The generation of these protective antibody-secreting cells can be triggered by an exposure to pathogens, and also by vaccination. Although the majority of plasma cells are protective, sometimes long-lived plasma cells produce autoreactive antibodies, which contribute to the pathogenesis and perpetuation of chronic autoimmune diseases, including lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis. In order to promote the formation of protective antibody-secreting cells and to target pathogenic plasma cells, it is crucial to understand the signals which promote their longevity and allow them to exert their function. In recent years, it has become clear that plasma cells depend on extrinsic factors for their survival, leading to the concept that certain tissue microenvironments promote plasma cell retention and longevity. However, these niches are not static structures, but also have dynamic features with respect to their cellular composition. Here, we review what is known about the molecular and cellular composition of the niches, and discuss the impact of dynamic changes within these microenvironments on plasma cell function. As plasma cell metabolism is tightly linked to their function, we present new tools, which will allow us to analyze metabolic parameters in the plasma cell niches over time.
浆细胞（PCs）是负责产生和分泌抗体（Abs）的 B 细胞谱系细胞，是体液免疫系统的关键细胞成分。虽然体内大多数分泌抗体的细胞寿命只有几天，但其中一些细胞可以成为长寿细胞并在个体的整个生命周期中持续存在。这些长寿浆细胞中的大多数分泌针对病原体的保护性抗体，因此对于免疫记忆的体液成分至关重要。这些保护性抗体分泌细胞的产生可以通过暴露于病原体或接种疫苗来触发。尽管大多数浆细胞是保护性的，但有时长寿浆细胞会产生自身反应性抗体，这有助于慢性自身免疫性疾病（包括红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎或多发性硬化症）的发病机制和持续存在。为了促进保护性抗体分泌细胞的形成并靶向致病性浆细胞，了解促进其寿命延长和发挥功能的信号是至关重要的。近年来，人们已经清楚地认识到浆细胞依赖于外在因素来维持其生存，这导致了某些组织微环境促进浆细胞保留和寿命延长的概念。然而，这些龛位并不是静态结构，它们的细胞组成也具有动态特征。在这里，我们回顾了已知的龛位的分子和细胞组成，并讨论了这些微环境中动态变化对浆细胞功能的影响。由于浆细胞代谢与其功能紧密相关，我们提出了新的工具，这些工具将使我们能够随时间分析浆细胞龛位中的代谢参数。
