Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, CIDCA (UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 47 y 116, CP.1900 La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, CP.1900 La Plata, Argentina.
Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, CIDCA (UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 47 y 116, CP.1900 La Plata, Argentina.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Aug 1;134:302-307. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.037. Epub 2019 May 7.
As an attempt to tackle the environmental issues derived from the use of non-degradable plastic and fertilizers overuse, such as irreversible soil pollution, this work focuses on the development of a fertilizer controlled-release, bio-based and biodegradable composite films for agricultural applications. Cassava starch and bagasse composite materials containing urea as active compound and plasticizer were prepared to achieve this purpose, analyzing their properties and stability during storage. Moreover, their biodegradation rate and urea release in soil were also assessed. Films were based on cassava starch with cassava bagasse particles as reinforcing agent and urea contents ranging from 0 to 50 wt% with respect to starch content. Urea proved to be an effective plasticizer of the matrix and films became more flexible with storage time. In addition, the material biodegradation rate in soil increased with urea content. Films with 50 wt% urea content showed a total weight loss of 57% and 95% release of the active compound after 15 days. The results indicate that this approach is adequate for the design of eco-compatible starch-based composite materials for urea dosage in soil based on cassava starch and bagasse.
作为解决由不可降解塑料和过度使用化肥引起的环境问题的一种尝试，例如不可逆转的土壤污染，本工作专注于开发用于农业应用的可控制释放肥料、生物基和可生物降解的复合膜。为了实现这一目的，制备了含有尿素作为活性化合物和增塑剂的木薯淀粉和甘蔗渣复合材料，分析了它们在储存过程中的性能和稳定性。此外，还评估了它们在土壤中的生物降解率和尿素释放率。这些薄膜以木薯淀粉为基础，以木薯甘蔗渣颗粒为增强剂，尿素含量相对于淀粉含量在 0 至 50wt%之间。尿素被证明是基质和薄膜的有效增塑剂，随着储存时间的延长，薄膜变得更加柔韧。此外，材料在土壤中的生物降解率随着尿素含量的增加而增加。含有 50wt%尿素的薄膜在 15 天后表现出总重量损失 57%和 95%的活性化合物释放。结果表明，这种方法适合设计基于木薯淀粉和甘蔗渣的生态兼容淀粉基复合肥料，用于土壤中尿素的用量控制。
