Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Vaccine. 2019 May 31;37(25):3369-3378. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.053. Epub 2019 May 7.
The qualitative study aims to understand and conceptualize Chinese medical students' practices and perceptions towards vaccination. Focus groups (n = 5) were conducted through convenience sampling in a medical university in October 2016 in Anhui, China. Two years later, 6 participants among them were follow-up interviewed. All the interviews were audio-recorded, then transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using constant comparative method. Opinions of 22 participants (13 females, 9 males) were collected. Results revealed that hepatitis B vaccination was discussed the most frequently, and most of participants were vaccinated against (or had documented immunity to) hepatitis B before or during their clinical internship. None of the participants reported other vaccines uptake. Three dimensions of themes were identified: (i) at individual level, the factor "feeling less infection risk" might strengthen their perceived barriers. The factors "laziness" and "fluke mind" would be used to rationalize their inactive practices about vaccination; (ii) at social level, themes involved "inactive organizational behaviors", "suggestions from people around", and "social norms". Decision-making of medical students' vaccination was more relying on themselves and influenced more by their classmates before or during their internship, rather than being influenced more by their families/universities as before. (iii) at professional level, there are two contradictions about the participants' behaviors and attitudes. One is that they may have inappropriate behaviors because of their lack of knowledge, but sometimes they seem too satisfied about their medical knowledge to vaccination. The other is that there are both vigilance response and desensitization to occupational infection risk. It is suggested that efforts should be strengthened to spread scientific knowledge of infectious diseases and immunization as long as medical students enter the university. Publicity and organizational activities should be strengthened, and related researches should be carried out by the government or scholars.
这项定性研究旨在了解和概念化中国医学生对疫苗接种的实践和看法。2016 年 10 月，在中国安徽的一所医科大学通过便利抽样进行了焦点小组（n=5）。两年后，其中 6 名参与者进行了后续访谈。所有访谈均进行了录音，然后逐字转录，并使用恒定比较法进行分析。共收集了 22 名参与者（13 名女性，9 名男性）的意见。结果表明，乙型肝炎疫苗接种讨论最多，大多数参与者在临床实习前或期间已接种（或具有乙型肝炎疫苗接种记录）。没有参与者报告接种其他疫苗。确定了三个主题维度：（i）在个体层面，“感觉感染风险较低”这一因素可能会增强他们对疫苗接种的感知障碍。“懒惰”和“侥幸心理”这两个因素将被用来合理化他们在疫苗接种方面不积极的做法；（ii）在社会层面，主题涉及“不积极的组织行为”、“周围人的建议”和“社会规范”。医学生接种疫苗的决策更多地取决于他们自己，并且在实习前或期间更多地受到同学的影响，而不是像以前那样更多地受到家人/大学的影响。（iii）在专业层面，参与者的行为和态度存在两个矛盾。一方面，由于缺乏知识，他们的行为可能不恰当，但有时他们对自己的医学知识似乎过于满意，而对疫苗接种不太重视。另一方面，对职业感染风险存在警惕反应和脱敏现象。建议一旦医学生进入大学，就应加强传播传染病和免疫接种的科学知识。应加强宣传和组织活动，政府或学者应开展相关研究。
