Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
Waste Manag. 2019 Apr 1;88:71-84. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.013. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
Food waste has become a global concern in recent years, especially the household food waste that is generated in the developed world. Multiple methods to measure household food waste have been proposed, but little is known about their validity. Five methods are selected and investigated empirically: survey questions about general food waste over a non-specified period of time, diaries, photo coding, kitchen caddies, and pre-announced survey questions regarding a specific time period. In an experiment, respondents were asked to assess their food waste using some or all of these methods depending on condition. Overall, the general survey questions appear to be less valid, as these lead to large underestimation of the level of food waste, low variance in reported food waste across households compared to the other methods, and low correlations with other measures. The other four methods are relatively highly correlated. A survey about food waste in the past week appears to be a useful method for large-scale measurements to differentiate households according to the amount of food waste each produces, although it should be noted that this method underestimates the amount of food waste. Kitchen caddies and photo coding seem to be valid methods and, for small samples, provide alternatives to food diaries, which have been more commonly used.
近年来，食物浪费已成为全球性关注的问题，尤其是在发达国家产生的家庭食物浪费。已经提出了多种方法来衡量家庭食物浪费，但对其有效性知之甚少。本文选择并实证研究了五种方法：关于非特定时间段内一般食物浪费的调查问题、日记、照片编码、厨房垃圾桶和关于特定时间段的预先公布的调查问题。在一项实验中，根据条件要求受访者使用这些方法中的一些或全部来评估他们的食物浪费。总体而言，一般调查问题似乎不太有效，因为这些问题导致对食物浪费水平的严重低估，与其他方法相比，报告的家庭食物浪费差异较小，与其他衡量标准的相关性也较低。其他四种方法则具有较高的相关性。关于过去一周食物浪费的调查似乎是一种有用的大规模测量方法，可以根据每个家庭产生的食物浪费量来区分家庭，尽管应该注意的是，这种方法会低估食物浪费的数量。厨房垃圾桶和照片编码似乎是有效的方法，对于小样本来说，它们提供了替代食物日记的方法，而食物日记更为常用。
