Sipos Wolfgang
Clinical Department for Farm Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2019 May;211:35-37. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 15.
In mammals, the immune system is undergoing significant changes during development, which has many impacts on the individual's capacity to cope with infectious diseases or other pathologic conditions, where the immune system is involved. Especially in livestock, it is important to know in detail about these changes, including shifts in the composition of systemic leukocyte populations, as this knowledge may help to focus on relevant cell populations when developing novel vaccines for use in juvenile versus adult animals. In this mini-review, a synoptic comparison of published PBMC populations, which were analysed in healthy weaned piglets as well as multiparous non-gestating sows, shows remarkable shifts within leukocyte populations. γδ T cells increase by factor 1.5, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and T helper cells more than double, and cytotoxic T cells as well as regulatory T cells increase more than four fold, whereas NK cells as well as B cells in adult sows comprise only 40% and monocytes 70% of the relative population sizes in weaned piglets. In summary, these insights into age-dependent shifts of porcine leukocyte populations indicate a principal increase of acquired immunity-associated leukocyte populations, whereas primarily innate immunity-associated cell types (NK cells, monocytes) are diminished.
在哺乳动物中，免疫系统在发育过程中会发生显著变化，这对个体应对传染病或其他涉及免疫系统的病理状况的能力有诸多影响。特别是在牲畜中，详细了解这些变化非常重要，包括全身白细胞群体组成的变化，因为这些知识可能有助于在开发用于幼年动物与成年动物的新型疫苗时聚焦于相关细胞群体。在本综述中，对已发表的在健康断奶仔猪以及经产未孕母猪中分析的外周血单核细胞群体进行的概要比较显示，白细胞群体内存在显著变化。γδT细胞增加了1.5倍，浆细胞样树突状细胞和辅助性T细胞增加了一倍多，细胞毒性T细胞和调节性T细胞增加了四倍多，而成年母猪中的自然杀伤细胞和B细胞仅分别占断奶仔猪相对群体大小的40%和70%。总之，这些对猪白细胞群体年龄依赖性变化的见解表明，与获得性免疫相关的白细胞群体总体增加，而主要与固有免疫相关的细胞类型（自然杀伤细胞、单核细胞）则减少。
