Hydroxyurea plus pelvic radiation versus placebo plus pelvic radiation in surgically staged stage IIIB cervical cancer.

Forty-five evaluable patients with stage IIIB carcinoma of the uterine cervix were entered into a prospective, double-blind, randomized study to evaluate the possible radiation-potentiating properties of hydroxyurea. All patients were documented to be without para-aortic lymph node metastasis by pretherapy staging para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The original plan of therapy was for continuous therapy (200 rads/day) of 6,000 rads of pelvic radiation for 6 weeks plus intrauterine radium. However, 16 patients received 6,000 rads in 8 weeks by split-course therapy (2-week rest after 3,000 rads) plus radium. Twenty-nine patients received the planned continuous therapy. The median dose of pelvic radiation for patients who received continuous therapy or split-course radiation was 6,000 rads. Leukopenia (WBC less than 2,500/mm3) was significantly increased in the patients given hydroxyurea as compared to those given placebo (P less than .001). There was no statistically significant difference relative to anemia, thrombocytopenia, radiation skin reaction, diarrhea, or radiation-induced complications requiring surgical correction. The estimated 5-year progression-free survival rate for the combined, continuous, and split-course radiation therapy hydroxyurea patients was 60%, and its was 52% for the corresponding placebo patients (P = .49). However, the estimated 5-year progression free survival rate for the correctly treated patients (continuous therapy) was 91% for the hydroxyurea group and 60% for the placebo group (P less than .06).