a Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany.
b Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam , Potsdam , Germany.
Biofouling. 2019 Apr;35(4):454-462. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1611790. Epub 2019 May 15.
Hydrophilic coatings exhibit ultra-low fouling properties in numerous laboratory experiments. In stark contrast, the antifouling effect of such coatings failed when performing field tests in the marine environment. The fouling release performance of nonionic and zwitterionic hydrophilic polymers was substantially reduced compared to the controlled laboratory environment. Microscopy and spectroscopy revealed that a large proportion of the accumulated material in field tests contains inorganic compounds and diatomaceous soil. Diatoms adhered to the accumulated material on the coating, but not to the pristine polymer. Simulating field tests in the laboratory using sediment samples collected from the test sites showed that incorporated sand and diatomaceous earth impairs the fouling release characteristics of the coatings. When exposed to marine sediment from multiple locations, particulate matter accumulated on these coatings and served as attachment points for diatom adhesion and enhanced fouling. Future developments of hydrophilic coatings should consider accumulated sediment and its potential impact on the antifouling performance.
亲水涂层在众多实验室实验中表现出超低的污染特性。相比之下，在海洋环境中进行现场测试时，这些涂层的防污效果却失效了。与受控的实验室环境相比，非离子型和两性离子型亲水聚合物的抗污释放性能大大降低。显微镜和光谱分析表明，现场测试中积累的物质很大一部分含有无机化合物和硅藻土。硅藻附着在涂层上的积累物质上，但不附着在原始聚合物上。使用从测试地点收集的沉积物样品在实验室中模拟现场测试表明，掺入的沙子和硅藻土会损害涂层的防污释放特性。当暴露于来自多个地点的海洋沉积物时，这些涂层上会积聚颗粒物，并成为硅藻附着和增强污染的附着点。亲水涂层的未来发展应考虑沉积物的积累及其对防污性能的潜在影响。
