Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Ladyoaw, Chatuchuck, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Food Funct. 2019 Jun 19;10(6):3272-3281. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01884g.
Phytosterols, α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol are scientifically recognized as major health promoting compounds found in cold-pressed rice bran oil (CRBO). This study aimed at encapsulating CRBO using a niosome delivery system. Water soluble CRBO niosomes approximately 200 nm in size were generated, remained stable for up to four weeks at 4 °C, and exhibited an encapsulation efficacy >80%. CRBO niosome controlled release was possible until the small intestinal phase in in vitro digestion. To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating a globular morphology of the CRBO niosomes and the location of CRBO. M0, M1, and M2 macrophage phenotypes were stimulated with 25, 50, and 100 μg ml-1 of in vitro digested CRBO niosomes. Gene expression profiles for each macrophage cell were obtained via M1 and M2 marker gene analysis. Changes of M0, M1 and M2 macrophage gene expression profiles occurred after CRBO stimulation and were visualized via principal component analysis (PCA). The results revealed a clear M1 macrophage conversion towards M0 in a digested CRBO niosome dose dependent manner, while this was not the case with M0 and M2 macrophages. Our findings indicated that CRBO niosomes have an ability to reverse M1 pro-inflammatory macrophage transformations back to resting M0 macrophages. Moreover, this study also showed future potential uses of CRBO niosomes, containing rice phytosterols and a co-surfactant, as fabricating materials to deliver and to control the release of oil soluble bioactive compounds for water soluble functional ingredient applications.
植物甾醇、α-生育酚和γ-谷维素被科学证明是冷榨米糠油（CRBO）中主要的具有促进健康作用的化合物。本研究旨在使用非离子型囊泡传递系统来包封 CRBO。生成了大约 200nm 大小的水溶性 CRBO 非离子型囊泡，在 4°C 下稳定长达四周，并且表现出 >80%的包封效率。CRBO 非离子型囊泡的控制释放可以持续到体外消化的小肠阶段。据我们所知，这是第一项表明 CRBO 非离子型囊泡具有球形形态和 CRBO 位置的研究。用 25、50 和 100μgml-1 的体外消化的 CRBO 非离子型囊泡刺激 M0、M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞表型。通过 M1 和 M2 标记基因分析获得每个巨噬细胞的基因表达谱。在 CRBO 刺激后，通过主成分分析（PCA）观察到 M0、M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞基因表达谱的变化。结果表明，在消化的 CRBO 非离子型囊泡剂量依赖性方式下，CRBO 刺激后清楚地发生了 M1 促炎巨噬细胞向 M0 的转化，而 M0 和 M2 巨噬细胞则没有发生这种情况。我们的研究结果表明，CRBO 非离子型囊泡具有将 M1 促炎巨噬细胞转化回静止的 M0 巨噬细胞的能力。此外，这项研究还表明，含有米糠植物甾醇和共表面活性剂的 CRBO 非离子型囊泡具有作为制造材料的未来潜在用途，用于水不溶性功能性成分应用中油溶性生物活性化合物的传递和控制释放。
