Properties of covalent benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts investigated by fluorescence techniques.

The spectroscopic absorption and fluorescence properties of adducts derived from the covalent binding of (+/-)trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyre ne (BPDE) to DNA are re-examined in view of conflicting interpretations regarding the conformations of these adducts which currently exist in the literature. The fluorescence decay profiles were accurately determined utilizing synchrotron-pulsed light source excitation and the time-correlated single photon counting technique. The conformational properties of the adducts were probed by determining their accessibilities to acrylamide, a known fluorescence quencher, and by comparing the accessibilities of the BPDE-DNA adducts with those of known model systems with intercalative, partially intercalative and minor groove binding conformations. In contrast to any of these model systems, the fluorescence of the aromatic pyrenyl residues in the covalent BPDE-DNA adducts exhibit significant sensitivity to acrylamide, suggesting that these residues are located at binding sites with significant solvent exposure. A quantitative analysis of the acrylamide fluorescence quenching according to a dynamic Stern-Volmer quenching model suggests the following characteristics: the major (65%) component (1.4 ns lifetime) is characterized by significant exposure to the solvent environment; the second component (6-7 ns lifetime) can be subdivided into a solvent-accessible and a solvent-inaccessible component, the inaccessible fraction being attributed to minor adducts, possibly with a quasi-intercalative conformation. The amplitude of the third, long-lived (200-ns) component is variable; it arises from the photochemical decomposition of the adducts which gives rise to tetraols (7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-tetrahydroxybenzo[a]pyrene). The variable content of these degradation products accounts for most discrepancies in the fluorescence properties of the covalent BPDE-DNA adducts previously reported.