心死亡后捐献:心脏移植的必要拓展。
Donation After Cardiac Death: A Necessary Expansion for Heart Transplantation.
机构信息
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Division of Mechanical Circulatory Support and Cardiac Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.
出版信息
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;31(4):721-725. doi: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 May 16.
The gold standard and sole curative therapy for advanced stage heart failure is cardiac transplantation. As the population ages, the number of patients diagnosed with advanced heart failure and listed for transplant steadily increases annually. However, there remains a paucity of eligible donation after brain death (DBD) donor hearts which severely limits access to cardiac transplantation and leads to increasing wait-list times and avoidable patient mortalities. Though the first human heart transplant in 1967 was performed using a deceased donor heart, the advent of brain death criteria and the ability to avoid long warm ischemic times led donation after cardiac death (DCD) transplantation to fall out of favor. Due the current state of cardiac transplantation, there has been a resurgence in interest in DCD heart transplantation leading to the development of DCD heart transplantation programs in the UK and Australia after positive reports of successful DCD cardiac transplantation in the pediatric literature. These programs have demonstrated favorable post-transplantation outcomes equivalent to matched traditional DBD transplants with current techniques and strict donor criteria. This technique has been proven safe with favorable outcomes and has been demonstrated to significantly increase transplant volumes and decrease patient mortality. Given these outcomes and the high patient benefit to risk ratio, DCD donor heart transplantation is necessary to expand the donor pool and decrease patient mortality and should be developed in high volume experienced cardiac transplant centers.
心脏移植是治疗晚期心力衰竭的金标准和唯一根治性疗法。随着人口老龄化,每年被诊断为晚期心力衰竭并接受移植治疗的患者人数稳步增加。然而,适合的脑死亡(DBD)供体心脏仍然稀缺,这严重限制了心脏移植的机会,并导致等待名单时间延长和可避免的患者死亡。尽管 1967 年首例人类心脏移植是使用已故供体心脏进行的,但脑死亡标准的出现以及避免长时间热缺血时间的能力导致心脏死亡后供体(DCD)移植不再流行。由于目前心脏移植的状况,人们对 DCD 心脏移植重新产生了兴趣,在儿科文献中成功报告了 DCD 心脏移植后,英国和澳大利亚开展了 DCD 心脏移植项目。这些项目表明,采用当前技术和严格的供体标准,移植后的结果与匹配的传统 DBD 移植相当。该技术已被证明是安全的,效果良好,并已被证明可显著增加移植量并降低患者死亡率。鉴于这些结果以及高患者获益与风险比,DCD 供体心脏移植对于扩大供体库、降低患者死亡率是必要的,应该在有经验的高容量心脏移植中心开展。