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锌抑制 GM-CSF 诱导的髓样细胞信号转导与膜流动性的改变有关。

Alterations in membrane fluidity are involved in inhibition of GM-CSF-induced signaling in myeloid cells by zinc.

机构信息

Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.

Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.

出版信息

J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019 Jul;54:214-220. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04.018. Epub 2019 May 2.

Abstract

Zinc has a strong influence on the function of the immune system and is a driving factor for immune cell development. In this regard, studies revealed cell type specific effects of zinc. During zinc deficiency for example, development and activity of myeloid cells seems to be prioritized at the cost of cells from the lymphoid lineage. In T-cells, the altered proliferation was found to be due to zinc's effect on IL-2-induced signaling processes, but in contrast to lymphoid cells, effects of zinc homeostasis on growth-factor-induced signaling in myeloid cells have not been investigated yet. The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of the major factors inducing monopoiesis. Considering the structural similarities between the GM-CSF receptor and those of the IL-receptor family as well as a similar set of signaling molecules involved, an impact of zinc on the GM-CSF signaling seems to be likely. Therefore, the effect of zinc on GM-CSF-induced signaling molecules was investigated here, using U937 cells as a model myeloid cell line. GM-CSF stimulation significantly increased STAT5 phosphorylation which was prevented completely by pre-incubation with zinc and pyrithione. U937 cells showed a strong pre-activation regarding c-Raf, which was significantly decreased by zinc and pyrithione incubation, independently from GM-CSF stimulation. As current literature was not sufficient to explain the observed effects, we hypothesized an altered receptor-complex assembly. As membrane composition and plasticity, subsumed under the term of membrane fluidity, was found to affect receptor multimerization, the impact of zinc on membrane fluidity was considered as a completely novel approach. Indeed, addition of zinc also decreased GM-CSFR expression on the cell surface and most interestingly altered membrane fluidity. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the incubation with zinc causes an alteration of membrane fluidity that hinders efficient receptor assembly as well as phosphorylation of signal molecules and therefore signal transduction.

摘要

锌对免疫系统的功能有很强的影响,是免疫细胞发育的驱动因素。在这方面,研究揭示了锌对细胞类型的特异性影响。例如,在缺锌的情况下,髓样细胞的发育和活性似乎优先于淋巴谱系的细胞。在 T 细胞中,发现改变的增殖是由于锌对 IL-2 诱导的信号转导过程的影响,但与淋巴样细胞不同,锌稳态对生长因子诱导的髓样细胞信号转导的影响尚未被研究。粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM-CSF) 是诱导单核细胞生成的主要因素之一。考虑到 GM-CSF 受体与 IL 受体家族的结构相似以及涉及的相似信号分子集,锌对 GM-CSF 信号的影响似乎是可能的。因此,本文研究了锌对 GM-CSF 诱导的信号分子的影响,使用 U937 细胞作为模型髓样细胞系。GM-CSF 刺激显著增加了 STAT5 的磷酸化,而用锌和吡硫翁预先孵育则完全阻止了磷酸化。U937 细胞在 c-Raf 方面表现出很强的预激活,而锌和吡硫翁孵育则独立于 GM-CSF 刺激显著降低了 c-Raf。由于目前的文献不足以解释观察到的效果,我们假设受体复合物的组装发生了改变。由于膜组成和可塑性,涵盖在膜流动性的术语下,被发现影响受体的多聚化,因此,锌对膜流动性的影响被认为是一种全新的方法。事实上,添加锌也降低了 GM-CSFR 在细胞表面的表达,最有趣的是改变了膜流动性。总之,我们假设锌的孵育会导致膜流动性的改变,从而阻碍有效的受体组装以及信号分子的磷酸化,从而阻碍信号转导。

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