Aesthet Surg J. 2019 Nov 13;39(12):1368-1377. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjz153.
Since its inception in the 1980s, liposuction has undergone a tremendous paradigm shift from the simple removal of excess subcutaneous fat to a procedure of extreme sophistication and elegance where we as surgeons are able to mold and shape a patient's figure. Plastic surgeons have modified this procedure with the overall goal of improving the aesthetic results while focusing on maximizing safety and minimizing complications. These modifications include advanced liposuction technology and techniques, the increasing use of subdermal superficial liposuction, differential liposuction, the advent and introduction of a wide range of cannulas, and the use of fat grafting simultaneously with liposuction for targeted contour and fat repositioning. In this article, the authors discuss in detail the introduction and progression of abdominal etching, a procedure first introduced by the senior author (H.A.M.) in the early 1990s. The authors also present their experience over the past 4 years. In this procedure, the technique of differential liposuction is employed to enhance the detail of abdominal musculature. The literature on abdominal etching is fairly scarce. Thus, the authors hope that this review will not only give the provider a thorough review and understanding of liposuction and its evolution over the years but will also provide an overview of the indications, patient selection, technique, expectations, and complications of abdominal etching as well.
自 20 世纪 80 年代问世以来，抽脂术经历了巨大的范式转变，从简单地去除多余的皮下脂肪，演变为一种极其精细和优雅的手术，我们外科医生能够塑造和改变患者的体型。整形外科医生对该手术进行了修改，总体目标是提高美容效果，同时注重最大限度地提高安全性并最小化并发症。这些修改包括先进的抽脂技术和技术、越来越多地使用真皮浅层抽脂术、差异抽脂术、各种套管的出现和引入，以及同时进行抽脂术和脂肪移植以实现靶向轮廓和脂肪重定位。在本文中，作者详细讨论了腹部雕刻术的引入和进展，该手术由资深作者（H.A.M.）于 20 世纪 90 年代初首次引入。作者还介绍了他们在过去 4 年中的经验。在该手术中，采用差异抽脂技术来增强腹肌的细节。关于腹部雕刻的文献相当稀少。因此，作者希望本综述不仅能让提供者全面了解抽脂术及其多年来的发展变化，还能概述腹部雕刻的适应证、患者选择、技术、预期效果和并发症。
