Reiger M, Schwierzeck V, Traidl-Hoffmann C
Lehrstuhl und Institut für Umweltmedizin UNIKA‑T, Technische Universität München und Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neusäßer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland.
ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Freising, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2019 Jun;70(6):407-415. doi: 10.1007/s00105-019-4424-6.
Atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin barrier disruption, inflammation and dysbiosis. Furthermore, atopic eczema is associated with other diseases of the atopic group, such as allergies, rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. The skin microbiome consists of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Patients suffering from atopic eczema often show an imbalance (dysbiosis) of the microbiome.
It is not yet completely clarified what influence dysbiosis and the cutaneous microbiome have on the development and severity of atopic eczema. Modern sequencing methods will be used to investigate the role of the skin microbiome in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema in the future.
This article presents and discusses the results of current basic research.
The human skin microbiome differs according to body region, age and gender. It interacts with the skin barrier and the cutaneous immune system. Patients suffering from atopic eczema develop dysbiosis consisting of an increased load of Staphylococcus aureus and a reduction of commensal skin bacteria. The altered skin microbiome in patients suffering from atopic eczema may also affect skin barrier function and inflammatory reactions.
Knowledge of the skin microbiome has improved in recent years. This will certainly improve the understanding of the pathogenesis causing atopic eczema. These findings may also form the foundation of new treatment and prevention strategies for atopic eczema in the future.
特应性皮炎是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病，其特征为皮肤屏障破坏、炎症和微生物群落失调。此外，特应性皮炎还与其他特应性疾病相关，如过敏、鼻结膜炎和哮喘。皮肤微生物群由细菌、病毒和真菌组成。患有特应性皮炎的患者通常表现出微生物群落失衡（失调）。
微生物群落失调和皮肤微生物群对特应性皮炎的发生和严重程度有何影响，目前尚未完全阐明。未来将使用现代测序方法研究皮肤微生物群在特应性皮炎发病机制中的作用。
本文介绍并讨论了当前基础研究的结果。
人类皮肤微生物群因身体部位、年龄和性别而异。它与皮肤屏障和皮肤免疫系统相互作用。患有特应性皮炎的患者会出现失调，表现为金黄色葡萄球菌负荷增加和共生皮肤细菌减少。特应性皮炎患者皮肤微生物群的改变也可能影响皮肤屏障功能和炎症反应。
近年来，对皮肤微生物群的认识有所提高。这肯定会增进对特应性皮炎发病机制的理解。这些发现也可能为未来特应性皮炎的新治疗和预防策略奠定基础。
