Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2019 Nov;42(11):1365-1386. doi: 10.1007/s40618-019-01061-2. Epub 2019 May 20.
Weight loss is a milestone in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with high morbility and mortality in industrialized countries. Very-low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs) are increasingly used in clinical practice for weight loss and management of obesity-related comorbidities. Despite evidence on the clinical benefits of VLCKDs is rapidly emerging, some concern still exists about their potential risks and their use in the long-term, due to paucity of clinical studies. Notably, there is an important lack of guidelines on this topic, and the use and implementation of VLCKDs occurs vastly in the absence of clear evidence-based indications.
We describe here the biochemistry, benefits and risks of VLCKDs, and provide recommendations on the correct use of this therapeutic approach for weight loss and management of metabolic diseases at different stages of life.
在工业化国家，与高发病率和死亡率相关的慢性疾病的预防中，体重减轻是一个里程碑。极低卡路里生酮饮食（VLCKD）越来越多地用于临床实践，以减轻体重和管理肥胖相关的合并症。尽管 VLCKD 在临床获益方面的证据正在迅速涌现，但由于临床研究的缺乏，人们仍然对其潜在风险及其长期应用存在一些担忧。值得注意的是，在这个主题上缺乏重要的指南，并且 VLCKD 的使用和实施在缺乏明确循证指征的情况下广泛存在。
我们在这里描述 VLCKD 的生物化学、益处和风险，并就这种治疗方法在生命的不同阶段用于减肥和管理代谢疾病的正确使用提供建议。
