Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Sep;7(3):97-106. doi: 10.1007/s13668-018-0235-0.
The goal of this paper is to review current literature on nutritional ketosis within the context of weight management and metabolic syndrome, namely, insulin resistance, lipid profile, cardiovascular disease risk, and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We provide background on the mechanism of ketogenesis and describe nutritional ketosis.
Nutritional ketosis has been found to improve metabolic and inflammatory markers, including lipids, HbA1c, high-sensitivity CRP, fasting insulin and glucose levels, and aid in weight management. We discuss these findings and elaborate on potential mechanisms of ketones for promoting weight loss, decreasing hunger, and increasing satiety. Humans have evolved with the capacity for metabolic flexibility and the ability to use ketones for fuel. During states of low dietary carbohydrate intake, insulin levels remain low and ketogenesis takes place. These conditions promote breakdown of excess fat stores, sparing of lean muscle, and improvement in insulin sensitivity.
本文旨在综述营养性酮症在体重管理和代谢综合征（即胰岛素抵抗、血脂谱、心血管疾病风险和非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的发展）方面的文献。我们提供酮生成的机制背景，并描述营养性酮症。
营养性酮症已被发现可改善代谢和炎症标志物，包括血脂、HbA1c、高敏 C 反应蛋白、空腹胰岛素和血糖水平，并有助于体重管理。我们讨论了这些发现，并详细阐述了酮促进减肥、减少饥饿感和增加饱腹感的潜在机制。人类已经进化出代谢灵活性和利用酮作为燃料的能力。在低膳食碳水化合物摄入状态下，胰岛素水平保持较低，酮生成发生。这些条件促进了多余脂肪储存的分解，减少了瘦肌肉的消耗，并提高了胰岛素敏感性。
