Falbén Johanna K, Olivier Juliana L, Golubickis Marius, Ho Nerissa S P, Persson Linn M, Tsamadi Dimitra, Marinopoulou Eleni, Bianciardi Bianca, Cunningham William A, Macrae C Neil
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3FX, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of York, York, England, UK.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2019 Jul;81(5):1228-1235. doi: 10.3758/s13414-019-01733-4.
Restraining the expression of stereotypes is a necessary requirement for harmonious living, yet surprisingly little is known about the efficacy of this process. Accordingly, in two experiments, here we used a stop-signal task to establish how effectively stereotype-related responses can be inhibited. In Experiment 1, following the presentation of gender-typed occupational contexts, participants reported the sex of target faces (i.e., Go trials) unless an occasional auditory tone indicated they should withhold their response (i.e., Stop trials). In Experiment 2, following the presentation of male and female faces, participants made either stereotypic or counter-stereotypic judgments, unless a stop signal was presented. Regardless of whether stereotyping was probed indirectly (Experiment 1) or directly (Experiment 2), a consistent pattern of results was observed; inhibition was faster for stereotypic compared with counter-stereotypic responses. These findings demonstrate that stopping stereotyping may be less challenging than has widely been assumed.
抑制刻板印象的表达是和谐生活的必要条件，但令人惊讶的是，人们对这一过程的效果知之甚少。因此，在两项实验中，我们使用停止信号任务来确定与刻板印象相关的反应能够被有效抑制的程度。在实验1中，呈现性别类型化的职业情境后，参与者报告目标面孔的性别（即“继续试验”），除非偶尔出现的听觉提示音表明他们应抑制反应（即“停止试验”）。在实验2中，呈现男性和女性面孔后，参与者做出刻板或反刻板判断，除非出现停止信号。无论刻板印象是通过间接方式（实验1）还是直接方式（实验2）进行探究，都观察到了一致的结果模式；与反刻板反应相比，刻板反应的抑制速度更快。这些发现表明，停止刻板印象可能比广泛认为的要少一些挑战性。
