Escalante Gabriela C, Balko Julie A, Chinnadurai Sathya K
University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA.
J Avian Med Surg. 2018 Dec 1;32(4):279-285. doi: 10.1647/2017-328.
Intramuscular (IM) administration of either alfaxalone or butorphanol with midazolam was evaluated for sedation and effects on heart and respiratory rates in budgerigars (). Twenty adult budgerigars were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 treatments: alfaxalone at 15 mg/kg IM or butorphanol and midazolam at 2.5 mg/kg IM and 1.25 mg/kg IM, respectively. Baseline heart and respiratory rates and sedation score were collected and, after injection, time to initial effects and initial recumbency were recorded. Five minutes after injection, birds were assessed for a righting reflex, and, if absent, response to noxious stimulus was assessed by hemostat clamp on the first digit. Birds then underwent a standardized diagnostic evaluation of radiographs, jugular venipuncture, and physical examination. At the end of the physical examination, a sedation score was assigned, and birds were placed in dorsal recumbency for recovery. Times from injection to initial arousal, final recumbency, standing, and full recovery were recorded. Although time to onset of sedation was the same between groups, alfaxalone produced a shorter ( = .04) and more consistent duration of sedation (mean ± SD: 27.5 ± 5.9 minutes) compared with butorphanol-midazolam (72.0 ± 56.9 minutes). Only 3 of 10 birds receiving butorphanol-midazolam were recumbent by 5 minutes compared with 10 of 10 birds receiving alfaxalone. Radiographs were successfully obtained in 9 of 10 and 7 of 10 birds administered alfaxalone and butorphanol-midazolam, respectively. No adverse effects were observed in any bird. Intramuscular alfaxalone produces safe, effective, and reliable sedation in budgerigars and is a more consistent and shorter duration alternative to intramuscular butorphanol-midazolam.
评估了肌内注射阿法沙龙或布托啡诺与咪达唑仑对虎皮鹦鹉的镇静作用以及对心率和呼吸频率的影响。将20只成年虎皮鹦鹉随机分为两组，分别接受以下两种治疗之一：肌内注射15mg/kg阿法沙龙，或分别肌内注射2.5mg/kg布托啡诺和1.25mg/kg咪达唑仑。记录基线心率、呼吸频率和镇静评分，注射后记录初始起效时间和首次卧倒时间。注射后5分钟，评估鸟类的翻正反射，若没有则通过止血钳夹第一趾评估对有害刺激的反应。然后对鸟类进行X光片、颈静脉穿刺和体格检查的标准化诊断评估。体格检查结束时，给出镇静评分，并将鸟类置于背卧位进行恢复。记录从注射到初始苏醒、最终卧倒、站立和完全恢复的时间。虽然两组之间的镇静起效时间相同，但与布托啡诺-咪达唑仑组（72.0±56.9分钟）相比，阿法沙龙产生的镇静持续时间更短（P = 0.04）且更一致（平均±标准差：27.5±5.9分钟）。接受布托啡诺-咪达唑仑的10只鸟中只有3只在5分钟时卧倒，而接受阿法沙龙的10只鸟中有10只在5分钟时卧倒。分别给予阿法沙龙和布托啡诺-咪达唑仑的10只鸟中，有9只和7只成功获得了X光片。未观察到任何鸟类有不良反应。肌内注射阿法沙龙可在虎皮鹦鹉中产生安全、有效且可靠的镇静作用，是肌内注射布托啡诺-咪达唑仑的一种更一致且持续时间更短的替代方法。
