Turell M J, Knudson G B
Infect Immun. 1987 Aug;55(8):1859-61. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.8.1859-1861.1987.
We evaluated the potential of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, and two species of mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes taeniorhynchus, to transmit Bacillus anthracis Vollum 1B mechanically. After probing on Hartley guinea pigs with a bacteremia of ca. 10(8.6) CFU of B. anthracis per ml of blood, individual or pools of two to four stable flies or mosquitoes were allowed to continue feeding on either uninfected guinea pigs or A/J mice. All three insect species transmitted lethal anthrax infections to both guinea pigs and mice. Both stable flies and mosquitoes transmitted anthrax, even when they were held at room temperature for 4 h after exposure to the bacteremic guinea pig before being allowed to continue feeding on the susceptible animals. This study confirms that blood-feeding insects can mechanically transmit anthrax and supports recent anecdotal reports of fly-bite-associated cutaneous human anthrax. The potential for flies to mechanically transmit anthrax suggests that fly control should be considered as part of a program for control of epizootic anthrax.
我们评估了厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans）以及两种蚊子，即埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）和带喙伊蚊（Aedes taeniorhynchus）机械传播炭疽芽孢杆菌Vollum 1B的可能性。在用每毫升血液中约含10(8.6) CFU炭疽芽孢杆菌的菌血症感染哈特利豚鼠后，让单只或两到四只厩螫蝇或蚊子组成的群体继续叮咬未感染的豚鼠或A/J小鼠。所有这三种昆虫都将致命的炭疽感染传播给了豚鼠和小鼠。厩螫蝇和蚊子都能传播炭疽，即使在接触菌血症豚鼠后于室温下放置4小时，再让它们继续叮咬易感动物，它们仍能传播。这项研究证实，吸血昆虫能够机械传播炭疽，并支持了最近关于与蝇叮咬相关的人类皮肤炭疽的传闻报道。苍蝇机械传播炭疽的可能性表明，应将控制苍蝇作为动物炭疽病防控计划的一部分。
