Gale R P
JAMA. 1987 Aug 7;258(5):625-8.
The immediate medical response to the nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station involved containment of the radioactivity and evacuation of the nearby population. The next step consisted of assessment of the radiation dose received by individuals, based on biological dosimetry, and treatment of those exposed. Medical care involved treatment of skin burns; measures to support bone marrow failure, gastrointestinal tract injury, and other organ damage (ie, infection prophylaxis and transfusions) for those with lower radiation dose exposure; and bone marrow transplantation for those exposed to a high dose of radiation. At Chernobyl, two victims died immediately and 29 died of radiation or thermal injuries in the next three months. The remaining victims of the accident are currently well. A nuclear accident anywhere is a nuclear accident everywhere. Prevention and cooperation in response to these accidents are essential goals.
切尔诺贝利核电站核事故发生后的即时医疗应对措施包括控制放射性物质以及疏散附近居民。下一步是根据生物剂量测定法评估个体所接受的辐射剂量，并对受辐射者进行治疗。医疗救治包括治疗皮肤烧伤；为辐射剂量较低的受辐射者采取措施应对骨髓衰竭、胃肠道损伤及其他器官损害（如预防感染和输血）；以及为高剂量辐射暴露者进行骨髓移植。在切尔诺贝利，两名受害者当场死亡，在接下来的三个月里，又有29人死于辐射或热损伤。事故的其余受害者目前情况良好。任何地方发生的核事故都相当于全球各地发生核事故。预防和应对此类事故的合作是至关重要的目标。
