Nunez Jeranil, Santillanes Genevieve
Site Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Education, Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Senior Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA.
Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2019 Jun;16(6):1-24. Epub 2019 Jun 1.
Anaphylaxis is a time-sensitive, clinical diagnosis that is often misdiagnosed because the presenting signs and symptoms are similar to those of other disease processes. This issue reviews the criteria for diagnosing a pediatric patient with anaphylaxis and offers evidence-based recommendations for first- and second-line treatment, including the use of epinephrine, antihistamines, and corticosteroids. Guidance is also provided for the appropriate disposition of patients with anaphylaxis, including prescribing epinephrine autoinjectors and offering training on how to use them, educating patients and families on avoidance of known offending allergens, and referring the patient to a specialist in allergy and immunology.
过敏反应是一种对时间敏感的临床诊断，常因呈现的体征和症状与其他疾病过程相似而被误诊。本文综述了诊断小儿过敏反应的标准，并针对一线和二线治疗提供循证建议，包括使用肾上腺素、抗组胺药和皮质类固醇。还提供了关于过敏反应患者适当处置的指导，包括开具肾上腺素自动注射器并提供使用培训，教育患者及其家属避免已知的致敏过敏原，以及将患者转诊给过敏和免疫学专家。
