Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Environmental Conservation and Management, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 12794, Latsia, 2252, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Dec;26(35):35445-35460. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05131-z. Epub 2019 May 24.
Worldwide, waste raised from tires counts 1.3-1.5 billion tonnes/year and by the end of 2025, is expected to be more than 2.5 billion tonnes. On 2013, the EU countries reached 3.6 million tonnes of used tires. However, the cheapest treatment method since now is landfilling and is considered to be a major threat for the environment and the public health. In Cyprus, the total tires that were imported on 2015 was 835,142 pieces (5.8% more than the 2014), which were equal to 9638 t, while at the same time, the total waste from those tires were 6629 tonnes. Moreover, the cement industry used 6691 tonnes of tires as alternative fuel. Until now, there are three management systems in place in Cyprus, for the end-of-life tires (ELTs). The collection of ELTs on 2011 was 1817 tonnes while at the end of 2016 was 7201 tonnes. The main treatment methods in Cyprus are the use of ELTs as alternative fuel in cement industry or to produce rubber granules (609-2738 tonnes/year) to be used to construct artificial surfaces or substrate for artificial lawn grounds and limited to pyrolysis (324-837 tonnes/year). At the same time, the environmental fees for the collection of tires varies and depends on the tire category. Furthermore, the market share of ELTs is up to 1.5 million € and the total recovery index from the market is closed to 90% the last 6 years (2013-2017). This paper evaluates and assess the existing tire waste management system (TWMS) in Cyprus in order to promote strength and weakness as well as to propose a holistic management system in insular communities in order to adopt the targets set by the concept of circular economy. The SWOT analysis identified as the main weaknesses the absence from the legislation of specific target for the recovery index of tires and the absence of any centralized logistic system to control the existing management systems while the main threats includes bureaucracy and the absence of technical and economic data which will guarantee the financial viability of a centralized treatment unit.
全球范围内，每年产生的废旧轮胎数量为 13 亿至 15 亿吨，到 2025 年，预计将超过 25 亿吨。2013 年，欧盟国家产生了 360 万吨废旧轮胎。然而，迄今为止最便宜的处理方法是填埋，这被认为是对环境和公众健康的主要威胁。在塞浦路斯，2015 年进口的轮胎总数为 835142 件（比 2014 年增加了 5.8%），相当于 9638 吨，而同期这些轮胎的总废物量为 6629 吨。此外，水泥行业将 6691 吨轮胎用作替代燃料。到目前为止，塞浦路斯有三个报废轮胎（ELT）管理系统。2011 年收集的 ELT 为 1817 吨，而 2016 年底为 7201 吨。塞浦路斯的主要处理方法是将 ELT 用作水泥行业的替代燃料，或生产橡胶颗粒（609-2738 吨/年），用于建造人工表面或人工草坪场地的基质，并限于热解（324-837 吨/年）。同时，轮胎收集的环境费因轮胎类别而异。此外，ELT 的市场份额高达 150 万欧元，过去 6 年（2013-2017 年）从市场上的总回收率接近 90%。本文评估和评估塞浦路斯现有的轮胎废物管理系统（TWMS），以促进优势和劣势，并提出岛屿社区的整体管理系统，以实现循环经济概念设定的目标。SWOT 分析确定的主要弱点是立法中缺乏轮胎回收指数的具体目标，以及缺乏任何集中的物流系统来控制现有的管理系统，而主要威胁包括官僚主义和缺乏技术和经济数据，这将保证集中处理单元的财务可行性。
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