Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Trends Microbiol. 2019 Sep;27(9):739-752. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.04.006. Epub 2019 May 22.
Bacteriophages (phages) have been shaping bacterial ecology and evolution for millions of years, for example, by selecting for defence strategies. Evidence supports that bacterial biofilm formation is one such strategy and that biofilm-mediated protection against phage infection depends on maturation and composition of the extracellular matrix. Interestingly, studies have revealed that phages can induce and strengthen biofilms. Here we review interactions between bacteria and phages in biofilms, discuss the underlying mechanisms, the potential of phage therapy for biofilm control, and emphasize the importance of considering biofilms in future phage research. This is especially relevant as biofilms are associated with increased tolerance towards antibiotics and are implicated in the majority of chronic infections.
噬菌体（phages）已经塑造了细菌的生态和进化数百万年，例如，通过选择防御策略。有证据表明，细菌生物膜的形成就是这样一种策略，而生物膜介导的对噬菌体感染的保护取决于细胞外基质的成熟和组成。有趣的是，研究表明噬菌体可以诱导和增强生物膜。在这里，我们综述了生物膜中细菌和噬菌体之间的相互作用，讨论了潜在的机制，噬菌体治疗在生物膜控制方面的潜力，并强调了在未来的噬菌体研究中考虑生物膜的重要性。这一点尤为重要，因为生物膜会增加对抗生素的耐受性，并与大多数慢性感染有关。
