Auriacombe L, Mandel C, Fermont L, Simon G, Piéchaud J F, Pedroni E, Kachaner J
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1987 Apr;80(4):544-9.
In order to find out whether the expression "sports heart" can be used in children and if so, to give an objective definition of it, we studied a group of 40 young people (mean age 12.2 +/- 1.6 years) subjected to intensive training and practising sports regularly, i.e. about 12 hours of physical activity per weeks on average. The sports practised were mainly tennis among boys and ice-skating among girls. A group of 40 subjects with similar characteristics but no particular physical training was studied simultaneously and served as control. These 80 young people had normal heart structure. All underwent routine cardiovascular examinations (physical, radiological, electrocardiographic), complete one - and two - dimensional echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular function and an exercise-test on ergometric bicycle. No difference was found between the left ventricle of sportsmen and that of controls; in particular, there was neither dilatation nor parietal thickening in sportsmen, so that all functional values were the same. During exercise-tests sportsmen performed better than controls, with significantly longer duration of effort and greater maximal oxygen consumption. However, heart rate at rest, then during exercise and recovery, and variations in systolic blood pressure during exercise and in the 10 minutes which followed were identical in both groups. The only notable difference was a deeper fall in diastolic blood pressure in sportsmen, indicating a better opening of the peripheral vascular bed during exercise. It is concluded that there are few cardiovascular differences between trained sporting children and children with normal physical activity, probably because the relatively short training undergone does not leave sufficient time for most of the adaptation systems to become established.
为了弄清楚“运动心脏”这一表述是否适用于儿童，若适用，对其给出一个客观定义，我们研究了一组40名年轻人（平均年龄12.2±1.6岁），他们接受强化训练且定期进行体育锻炼，即平均每周约12小时的体育活动。男孩主要从事网球运动，女孩主要从事滑冰运动。同时研究了一组40名具有相似特征但未接受特殊体育训练的受试者作为对照。这80名年轻人心脏结构正常。所有人都接受了常规心血管检查（体格检查、放射检查、心电图检查）、完整的一维和二维超声心动图检查以评估左心室功能以及在测力计自行车上进行运动测试。运动员的左心室与对照组的左心室之间未发现差异；特别是，运动员既没有心室扩张也没有室壁增厚，因此所有功能值都是相同的。在运动测试中，运动员的表现优于对照组，努力持续时间明显更长，最大耗氧量更大。然而，两组在静息心率、运动及恢复过程中的心率，以及运动期间和随后10分钟内收缩压的变化都是相同的。唯一显著的差异是运动员的舒张压下降幅度更大，这表明运动期间外周血管床的开放情况更好。得出的结论是，受过训练的运动儿童与正常体育活动儿童之间几乎没有心血管方面的差异，这可能是因为所接受的相对较短的训练没有为大多数适应系统的建立留出足够的时间。
