Shalev Idit
Laboratory for Embodiment and Self-Regulation, Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Front Psychiatry. 2019 May 10;10:329. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00329. eCollection 2019.
Recent findings indicate that alexithymia is the result of a multidomain, multidimensional failure of interoception. Whereas much of the literature addresses the cognitive and affective aspects of alexithymia, less is known about the association between the failure of interoception and the process of motivated cue integration. The theory of motivated cue integration integrates high-level control processes with low-level embodied and contextual cues, suggesting that selective attention to internal and contextual cues results in the creation of meaning that, in turn, influences judgment and action generation. Conceptualized as a special case of the cue integration problem, alexithymia may be associated with restricted access to emotional cues, indicating impaired connectivity between low-level embodied cues and top-down goals and values. This problem may also be viewed as a means substitution problem, indicating the individual's need for alternative multisensory information. Based on this reasoning, interventions that exploit awareness-of-sensation techniques (e.g., mindfulness, experiential approach, focusing) may help to improve the distinction between bodily sensation and interpretation and to create meaning of situational state by substitution of inaccessible affective cues with alternative cues. Accordingly, clinicians and neuropsychologists can help individuals who suffer from alexithymia by training them to use awareness-of-sensation techniques and directing their attention to alternative multisensory cues as well as alternative cognitive configurations (e.g., mental images). Integrating peripheral cues in the moment-by-moment generation of meaning and self-regulation can improve affective judgment through the exchange of inaccessible affective cues with alternative ones.
最近的研究结果表明，述情障碍是内感受多领域、多维度功能障碍的结果。尽管许多文献都探讨了述情障碍的认知和情感方面，但对于内感受功能障碍与动机性线索整合过程之间的关联，我们了解得还较少。动机性线索整合理论将高级控制过程与低级的具身和情境线索整合在一起，这表明对内部和情境线索的选择性关注会产生意义，进而影响判断和行动的产生。述情障碍被概念化为线索整合问题的一个特例，它可能与获取情感线索的受限有关，这表明低级具身线索与自上而下的目标和价值观之间的连接受损。这个问题也可以被视为一种手段替代问题，这表明个体需要替代性的多感官信息。基于这一推理，利用感觉觉察技术（如正念、体验方法、聚焦）的干预措施可能有助于改善身体感觉与解释之间的区分，并通过用替代线索替代难以获取的情感线索来创造情境状态的意义。因此，临床医生和神经心理学家可以通过训练患有述情障碍的个体使用感觉觉察技术，并引导他们将注意力转向替代性的多感官线索以及替代性的认知结构（如意象），来帮助这些个体。在意义和自我调节的即时生成过程中整合外周线索，可以通过用替代线索替换难以获取的情感线索来改善情感判断。
