Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy.
Dipartimento di Area Medica, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1139:59-81. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-14366-4_4.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality rate. It is a heterogeneous cancer with diverse inter- and intra-heterogeneity, also in terms of histology, prognosis, and molecular profiles. A rapidly growing evidence has demonstrated that some HCCs, if not all, were caused by the activation of the cancer stem cells (CSC), a small population within the cancer that is responsible for the initiation and maintenance of cancer growth. Until now, various populations of hepatic CSC with more than ten different phenotypical protein markers, such as CD133, CD90, EpCAM, CD24, and CD13, have been identified and validated in xenotransplantation models. They are associated with risk factors, prognosis, chemo-resistance, and metastasis. This chapter summarizes available data on different hepatic CSC markers for the development of potential future therapy.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是一种常见的高死亡率癌症。它是一种具有异质性的癌症，在组织学、预后和分子特征方面存在不同程度的异质性。越来越多的证据表明，一些 HCC（如果不是全部的话）是由癌症干细胞（CSC）的激活引起的，CSC 是癌症中负责启动和维持癌症生长的一小部分细胞。到目前为止，已经在异种移植模型中鉴定和验证了具有超过十种不同表型蛋白标记物的多种肝 CSC 群体，例如 CD133、CD90、EpCAM、CD24 和 CD13。它们与风险因素、预后、化疗耐药性和转移有关。本章总结了不同肝 CSC 标志物的现有数据，以期为未来的潜在治疗方法的发展提供参考。
