Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Jun 18;53(12):7126-7135. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00052. Epub 2019 Jun 5.
Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) in the United States is increasingly being conducted on multiwell pads (MWPs) and in residential areas. We measured air pollution, noise, and truck traffic during four distinct phases of UOGD: drilling, hydraulic fracturing, flowback, and production. We monitored particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), A-weighted (dBA), and C-weighted (dBC) noise using real-time instruments on 1 and 5 min time scales, and truck traffic for 4-7 days per phase at a large 22-well pad sited in a residential area of Weld County, Colorado. Hydraulic fracturing, which requires frequent truck trips to move supplies and diesel engines to power the process, had the highest median air pollution levels of PM and BC and experienced the greatest number of heavy trucks per hour compared to other phases. Median air pollution was lowest during drilling at this MWP, possibly because an electric drill rig was used. The equivalent continuous noise level ( L) exceeded guidelines of 50 dBA and 65 dBC for A-weighted and C-weighted noise, respectively, during all development phases. Our data show that these multiple stressors are present around the clock at these sites, and this work provides baseline measurements on likely human exposure levels near similarly sized MWPs.
美国的非常规油气开发（UOGD）越来越多地在多井平台（MWP）和居民区进行。我们在 UOGD 的四个不同阶段（钻井、水力压裂、返排和生产）测量了空气污染、噪声和卡车交通。我们使用实时仪器在 1 分钟和 5 分钟的时间尺度上监测了颗粒物（PM）、黑碳（BC）、A 加权（dBA）和 C 加权（dBC）噪声，并在科罗拉多州韦尔德县一个居民区的一个大型 22 井位平台上，对每个阶段的卡车交通进行了 4-7 天的监测。水力压裂需要频繁的卡车运输来运送物资和柴油发动机来为该过程提供动力，因此其 PM 和 BC 的中值空气污染水平最高，每小时经过的重型卡车数量也最多，与其他阶段相比。在这个 MWP 上，钻井阶段的中值空气污染最低，可能是因为使用了电动钻机。所有开发阶段的等效连续噪声水平（L）均超过了 A 加权噪声 50 dBA 和 C 加权噪声 65 dBC 的指导值。我们的数据表明，这些多种压力源在这些地点全天候存在，这项工作提供了类似大小的 MWP 附近人类暴露水平的基准测量值。
