Białowiec Andrzej, Micuda Monika, Szumny Antoni, Łyczko Jacek, Koziel Jacek A
Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2019 May 24;12(10):1692. doi: 10.3390/ma12101692.
Waste can be effectively reused through the production of carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF) that enables further energy recovery. Developing cleaner production of CRDF requires consideration of practical issues of storage and handling. Thus, it needs to be ensured that CRDF does not pose an excessive risk to humans and the ecosystem. Very few studies indicate a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in CRDF, some of which are toxic. During handling, storage, transportation, and use of VOC-rich CRDF, workers and end-users could be exposed to emissions that could pose a health and safety hazard. Our recent study shows that CRDF densification via pelletization can increase the efficiency of storage and transportation. Thus, the following research question was identified: can pelletization mitigate VOCs emissions from CRDF during storage? Preliminary research aiming at the determination of the influence of CRDF pelletization on VOCs emission during storage was completed to address this question. The VOCs emissions from two types of CRDF: ground (loose, torrefied refuse-derived fuel (RDF)) and pelletized, were measured. Pelletization reduced the VOCs emissions potential during the four-day storage by ~86%, in comparison with ground CRDF. Mitigation of VOCs emissions from densified CRDF is feasible, and research is warranted to understand the influence of structural modification on VOCs emission kinetics, and possibilities of scaling up this solution into the practice of cleaner storage and transportation of CRDF.
通过生产碳化垃圾衍生燃料（CRDF）可有效实现废物再利用，从而进一步回收能源。开发更清洁的CRDF生产方式需要考虑储存和处理的实际问题。因此，需要确保CRDF不会对人类和生态系统构成过度风险。极少有研究表明CRDF中存在多种挥发性有机化合物（VOC），其中一些是有毒的。在富含VOC的CRDF的处理、储存、运输和使用过程中，工人和终端用户可能会接触到可能构成健康和安全危害的排放物。我们最近的研究表明，通过造粒使CRDF致密化可提高储存和运输效率。因此，确定了以下研究问题：造粒能否减轻CRDF在储存期间的VOC排放？为解决这个问题，完成了旨在确定CRDF造粒对储存期间VOC排放影响的初步研究。对两种类型的CRDF（磨碎的（松散的、烘焙垃圾衍生燃料（RDF））和造粒的）的VOC排放进行了测量。与磨碎的CRDF相比，造粒在四天储存期间将VOC排放潜力降低了约86%。减轻致密化CRDF的VOC排放是可行的，有必要开展研究以了解结构改性对VOC排放动力学的影响，以及将该解决方案扩大应用于CRDF更清洁储存和运输实践的可能性。
