Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe, Kalembo Fatch W, Zgambo Maggi
St John's College of Nursing, P.O. Box 18, Mzuzu, Malawi.
Mzuzu University, Private Bag 201, Luwinga Mzuzu 2, Malawi.
Malawi Med J. 2019 Mar;31(1):86-94. doi: 10.4314/mmj.v31i1.15.
High prevalence rates of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are more predominant in sub-Saharan Africa compared to any region globally. Nonetheless, many people in the region have little access to safe water and live in poor sanitation environment. This region is, therefore, faced with a challenge in protecting PLHIV from infectious diseases that are transmitted through unhygienic conditions.
This systematic review was conducted to identify effective community-based interventions for the prevention of diarrhoea among PLHIV in sub-Saharan Africa.
Studies included in this systematic review were sought from PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, DOAJ, Web of science, WHO Global Index Medicus Library, Cochrane and ProQuest (GeoRef). Articles were appraised using MMAT scale.
From a search finding of 3,849 articles, only nine papers whose participants were people living with HIV and had incidence or prevalence of diarrhoea as an outcome met our inclusion criteria. Community-based interventions such as water treatment and safe storage were associated with 20%-53% reduction in diarrhoea episodes among PLHIV. The review has also demonstrated that the impact of hand hygiene and health education on the prevention of diarrhoeal infections is not adequately assessed.
Future studies are, therefore, warranted to assess the effect of hand hygiene and health education interventions on prevention and reduction of diarrhoea in PLHIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.
与全球其他任何地区相比，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）患病率更高。尽管如此，该地区许多人难以获得安全饮用水，且生活在卫生条件差的环境中。因此，该地区在保护艾滋病毒感染者免受通过不卫生条件传播的传染病影响方面面临挑战。
进行这项系统评价，以确定撒哈拉以南非洲地区预防艾滋病毒感染者腹泻的有效社区干预措施。
本系统评价纳入的研究通过PubMed、EMBASE、PsycINFO、AMED、CINAHL、DOAJ、科学网、世界卫生组织全球医学索引图书馆、Cochrane和ProQuest（地理参考数据库）检索获得。文章使用MMAT量表进行评估。
在检索到的3849篇文章中，只有9篇以艾滋病毒感染者为参与者且以腹泻发病率或患病率为结果的论文符合我们的纳入标准。诸如水处理和安全储存等社区干预措施可使艾滋病毒感染者的腹泻发作次数减少20%-53%。该评价还表明，手部卫生和健康教育对预防腹泻感染的影响尚未得到充分评估。
因此，有必要开展进一步研究，以评估手部卫生和健康教育干预措施对撒哈拉以南非洲地区艾滋病毒感染者预防和减少腹泻的效果。
