Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, P. Zheleznyaka Str. 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russia.
Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Rev Neurosci. 2019 Nov 26;30(8):807-820. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0014.
The excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance controls the synaptic inputs to prevent the inappropriate responses of neurons to input strength, and is required to restore the initial pattern of network activity. Various neurotransmitters affect synaptic plasticity within neural networks via the modulation of neuronal E/I balance in the developing and adult brain. Less is known about the role of E/I balance in the control of the development of the neural stem and progenitor cells in the course of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Recent findings suggest that neural stem and progenitor cells appear to be the target for the action of GABA within the neurogenic or oligovascular niches. The same might be true for the role of neuropeptides (i.e. oxytocin) in neurogenic niches. This review covers current understanding of the role of E/I balance in the regulation of neuroplasticity associated with social behavior in normal brain, and in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Further studies are required to decipher the GABA-mediated regulation of postnatal neurogenesis and synaptic integration of newly-born neurons as a potential target for the treatment of brain diseases.
兴奋/抑制（E/I）平衡控制着突触输入，以防止神经元对输入强度产生不适当的反应，并且对于恢复网络活动的初始模式是必需的。各种神经递质通过调节发育中和成年脑中神经元的 E/I 平衡，影响神经网络中的突触可塑性。对于 E/I 平衡在神经发生和神经胶质发生过程中控制神经干细胞和祖细胞发育中的作用知之甚少。最近的发现表明，神经干细胞和祖细胞似乎是神经发生或寡血管龛内 GABA 作用的靶标。神经肽（如催产素）在神经发生龛中的作用可能也是如此。本综述涵盖了目前对 E/I 平衡在调节与正常大脑中的社会行为相关的神经可塑性，以及神经发育和神经退行性疾病中的作用的理解。需要进一步的研究来阐明 GABA 介导的对出生后神经发生和新生神经元突触整合的调节，作为治疗脑部疾病的潜在靶点。
