J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2019 Sep-Oct;59(5):651-659. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2019.04.018. Epub 2019 May 29.
The objectives of this study were (1) to assess pharmacist readiness to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients through measuring both pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes towards transgender patients, (2) to assess transgender patients' perception of pharmacist readiness to provide them pharmaceutical care through measuring both pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes toward them, and (3) to compare pharmacist readiness to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients and patient perception of this readiness.
The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The pharmacist's readiness and the transgender patient's perception of their readiness, defined as a combination of knowledge and attitude, were evaluated. Two separate, validated questionnaires with dichotomous, multiple choice, and open-ended questions were used to measure both constructs among both populations.
Community-based research.
Pharmacists practicing in Puerto Rico were provided the questionnaire by e-mail or in person. Transgender participants in Puerto Rico were recruited through health clinics and community partners and were surveyed in person. The analysis included responses from 96 pharmacists and 31 transgender participants.
The majority of the pharmacists' knowledge scores (90%) were found in the low (0-5) and moderate (6-10) ranges, with a mean score of 7.23 out of a total possible score of 16 (SD ±2.36). For the attitude construct, most of the scores (81%) were found in the high (18-26) range, with a mean score of 19.63 out of a total possible score of 26 (SD ±3.65). For both constructs, transgender patient perceptions echoed the results of the pharmacists, indicating several perceived knowledge deficits in combination with mostly positive attitudes.
The majority of pharmacists demonstrated positive attitudes toward caring for transgender patients, and transgender patients also perceived these positive attitudes from pharmacists. However, the measured and perceived knowledge deficits observed in this study suggest the need for educational interventions to improve pharmacist readiness to provide care for transgender patients.
本研究的目的是：（1）通过测量药剂师对跨性别患者的知识和态度来评估药剂师为跨性别患者提供药物治疗的准备情况；（2）通过测量药剂师对跨性别患者的知识和态度来评估跨性别患者对药剂师提供药物治疗的准备情况；（3）比较药剂师为跨性别患者提供药物治疗的准备情况和患者对这种准备情况的感知。
本研究采用描述性、横断面设计。评估了药剂师的准备情况和跨性别患者对他们准备情况的感知，定义为知识和态度的结合。使用两个独立的、经过验证的问卷，采用二分法、多选题和开放式问题，分别测量两个群体的这两个结构。
基于社区的研究。
波多黎各的执业药剂师通过电子邮件或亲自收到问卷。波多黎各的跨性别参与者通过健康诊所和社区合作伙伴招募，并亲自进行调查。分析包括 96 名药剂师和 31 名跨性别参与者的回复。
大多数药剂师的知识得分（90%）处于低（0-5）和中（6-10）范围，平均得分为 16 分满分（2.36 标准差）中的 7.23 分。对于态度结构，大多数分数（81%）处于高（18-26）范围，平均得分为 26 分满分（3.65 标准差）中的 19.63 分。对于这两个结构，跨性别患者的看法反映了药剂师的结果，表明存在一些感知到的知识缺陷，同时态度也大多积极。
大多数药剂师对照顾跨性别患者表现出积极的态度，跨性别患者也从药剂师那里感知到这些积极的态度。然而，本研究中观察到的和感知到的知识缺陷表明，需要进行教育干预，以提高药剂师为跨性别患者提供护理的准备情况。
