Hemrová Lucie, Kotilínek Milan, Konečná Marie, Paulič Radim, Jersáková Jana, Těšitelová Tamara, Knappová Jana, Münzbergová Zuzana
Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Oecologia. 2019 Jun;190(2):411-423. doi: 10.1007/s00442-019-04427-8. Epub 2019 Jun 1.
The family of orchids involves a number of critically endangered species. Understanding of drivers of their landscape distribution could provide a valuable insight into their decline. Our objectives were to develop models predicting distribution of selected orchid species-four co-occurring forest orchid species, Cephalanthera rubra, Epipactis atrorubens, E. helleborine, and Neottia nidus-avis-at a landscape scale using a wide range of habitat characteristics. Subsequently, we compared the model predictions with species occurrence and the results of the field germination experiment while considering two germination stages-asymbiotic (early stage) and symbiotic. And finally, we attempted to identify possible drivers of species' landscape distribution (i.e., dispersal, availability of habitat patches, or fungal associates). We have discovered that different habitat characteristics determined the distribution of different orchids. The species also differed in terms of availability of suitable habitat patches and patch occupancy (the highest being E. atrorubens with 80%). Landscape distribution of the species was primarily restricted by the availability of fungal associates (the most important factor for C. rubra) and by the availability of suitable habitat patches (the most important in case of N. nidus-avis). Despite expected easy dispersal of spores, orchid distribution seems to be limited by the availability of fungal associates in the landscape. In contrast, the availability of orchid seeds does not seem to limit their distribution. These results can provide useful guidelines for conservation of the studied species.
兰科植物包含许多极度濒危物种。了解其景观分布的驱动因素有助于深入洞察它们数量减少的原因。我们的目标是利用广泛的栖息地特征，建立预测特定兰花物种（四种共生的森林兰花物种，即红门兰、暗红火烧兰、欧洲火烧兰和鸟巢兰）在景观尺度上分布的模型。随后，我们将模型预测结果与物种出现情况以及田间发芽实验结果进行了比较，同时考虑了两个发芽阶段——非共生（早期阶段）和共生阶段。最后，我们试图确定物种景观分布的可能驱动因素（即扩散、栖息地斑块的可利用性或真菌共生体）。我们发现不同的栖息地特征决定了不同兰花的分布。这些物种在适宜栖息地斑块的可利用性和斑块占有率方面也存在差异（暗红火烧兰的占有率最高，为80%）。物种的景观分布主要受到真菌共生体可利用性（对红门兰来说是最重要的因素）和适宜栖息地斑块可利用性（对鸟巢兰来说是最重要的因素）的限制。尽管预计孢子易于扩散，但兰花的分布似乎受到景观中真菌共生体可利用性的限制。相比之下，兰花种子的可利用性似乎并不限制它们的分布。这些结果可为所研究物种的保护提供有用的指导。
