Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2019 Sep 1;43(5):457-489. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuz013.
A close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal epithelium. The review starts by setting up the biological context underpinning the need for experimental models to study gut bacteria-mucus interactions in the digestive environment. We provide an overview of the structure and function of intestinal mucus and mucins, their interactions with intestinal bacteria (including commensal, probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms) and their role in modulating health and disease states. We then describe the characteristics and potentials of experimental models currently available to study the mechanisms underpinning the interaction of mucus with gut microbes, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. We then discuss the limitations and challenges facing this field of research.
肠菌与其宿主之间存在密切的共生关系。肠道内稳态的一个关键组成部分是存在覆盖胃肠道的黏液层。黏液是腔内容物与宿主组织之间的黏弹性凝胶，为肠道菌群提供栖息地，并保护肠上皮细胞。本综述首先介绍了支持使用实验模型来研究消化环境中肠道细菌-黏液相互作用的生物学背景。我们概述了肠道黏液和黏蛋白的结构和功能、它们与肠道细菌（包括共生菌、益生菌和病原菌）的相互作用，以及它们在调节健康和疾病状态中的作用。然后，我们描述了目前可用于研究黏液与肠道微生物相互作用机制的实验模型的特点和潜力，包括体外、离体和体内模型。最后，我们讨论了该研究领域面临的限制和挑战。
