Zhou P, Chen J H, Huang T, Tao Z Z
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2019 May;33(5):474-477. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.05.024.
Congenital preauricular fistula can be sporadic or genetic. When inherited, it exhibits incomplete autosomal dominant genetic patterns. It can occur alone or with other diseases such as branchio-oto-renal syndrome. According to the position of fistula opening, congenital ear fistula can be divided into four categories: congenital preauricular fistula, congenital posterior ear fistula, congenital auricular fistula and congenital external auditory canal fistula. Congenital auricle fistula can be subdivided into congenital auricular fistula, congenital teal fistula, congenital earlobe fistula and so on. The diagnosis of preauricular fistula should be based on its clinical manifestation, and the diagnosis and treatment of special type of preauricular fistula should be emphasized. The treatment methods of congenital preauricular fistula include medicine, incision and surgical excision. According to the clinical practice of us and other scholars, surgical treatment is recommended in the period of acute infection, and the recurrence rate is not increased. The operation method of preauricular fistula, the application of microscope, dye tracer, probe and general anesthesia, and the clear surgical visualization are all helpful to reduce the recurrence rate.
先天性耳前瘘管可为散发性或遗传性。当为遗传性时，它呈现不完全常染色体显性遗传模式。它可单独出现或与其他疾病如鳃-耳-肾综合征并存。根据瘘口位置，先天性耳瘘可分为四类：先天性耳前瘘管、先天性耳后瘘管、先天性耳廓瘘管和先天性外耳道瘘管。先天性耳廓瘘管可再细分为先天性耳廓瘘管、先天性蓝鼓膜瘘管、先天性耳垂瘘管等。耳前瘘管的诊断应基于其临床表现，且应重视特殊类型耳前瘘管的诊断与治疗。先天性耳前瘘管的治疗方法包括药物治疗、切开及手术切除。根据我们及其他学者的临床实践，在急性感染期建议进行手术治疗，且复发率不会增加。耳前瘘管的手术方法、显微镜、染料示踪剂、探针的应用以及全身麻醉，还有清晰的手术视野均有助于降低复发率。
