自闭症谱系障碍患者医疗照护的挑战：会诊联络精神科医生的角色。
Challenges in the Medical Care of Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatrist.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington, MA.
出版信息
Psychosomatics. 2019 Sep-Oct;60(5):435-443. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2019.04.003. Epub 2019 Apr 28.
BACKGROUND
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects one in 40 children. Individuals with ASD have high rates of medical comorbidity, excess mortality, high health care expenditures, and difficulty accessing coordinated medical care. As the prevalence of ASD rises, consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrists will be increasingly called upon to assist patients with ASD both in inpatient and outpatient medical settings.
METHODS
In this article, we review the patient, provider, and systems factors that converge to create challenges for delivering high-quality, patient-centered medical care for patients with ASD.
CONCLUSION
Strategies to optimize the care of patients with ASD in medical settings include previsit planning, anticipating and reducing sources of distress, facilitating a patient- and family-centered multidisciplinary approach, employing environmental interventions, and using psychopharmacologic treatments.
背景
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种常见的神经发育障碍，影响着每 40 名儿童中的 1 名。自闭症患者的合并症发病率高、死亡率高、医疗支出高，并且难以获得协调一致的医疗护理。随着 ASD 的患病率上升，联络精神病学医生将越来越多地被要求在住院和门诊医疗环境中协助 ASD 患者。
方法
本文综述了导致为 ASD 患者提供高质量、以患者为中心的医疗护理存在挑战的患者、提供者和系统因素。
结论
优化医疗环境中 ASD 患者护理的策略包括就诊前计划、预测和减少压力源、促进以患者和家庭为中心的多学科方法、采用环境干预措施以及使用精神药理学治疗。
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