State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 73004, China.
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 73004, China.
Vet Microbiol. 2019 Jun;233:164-173. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.030. Epub 2019 Apr 25.
Exosomes are small membrane-enclosed vesicles that participate in intercellular communication between cells. Numerous evidences suggested that exosomes derived from virus-infected cells can mediate virus transmission or/and regulate immune response. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototype member of the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. It can cause highly infectious disease of cloven-hoofed livestock and significantly increase public awareness. However, the role of exosomes in the transmission of FMDV has still remained unknown. In this study, full length of FMDV genomic RNA and partial viral proteins were identified in purified exosomes isolated from FMDV-infected PK-15 cells with qRT-PCR and /MS. Exosomes from FMDV-infected cells were capable of transmitting infection to naive PK-15 cells and suckling mice. Furthermore, exosome-mediated infection cannot be fully blocked by FMDV-specific neutralizing antibodies. This finding highlights that FMDV transmission by exosomes as a potential immune evasion mechanism.
外泌体是参与细胞间通讯的小膜封闭囊泡。有大量证据表明，源自病毒感染细胞的外泌体可以介导病毒传播和/或调节免疫反应。口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）是小核糖核酸病毒科口疮病毒属的原型成员。它可引起偶蹄类动物的高度传染性疾病，并显著提高公众意识。然而，外泌体在 FMDV 传播中的作用仍不清楚。在这项研究中，通过 qRT-PCR 和 MS 鉴定了从 FMDV 感染的 PK-15 细胞中分离出的纯化外泌体中的全长 FMDV 基因组 RNA 和部分病毒蛋白。来自 FMDV 感染细胞的外泌体能够将感染传递给未感染的 PK-15 细胞和乳鼠。此外，外泌体介导的感染不能被 FMDV 特异性中和抗体完全阻断。这一发现强调了外泌体介导的 FMDV 传播是一种潜在的免疫逃避机制。
