Office of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States.
Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson Arkansas 72079, United States.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2019 Dec 1;19(12):8078-8087. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16754.
Silver (Ag) is one among the few nanomaterials which are widely used across several consumer products. However, there is limited research on detection and characterization of Ag nanostructures in complex matrices such as consumer products. Most previous studies for analytical method development were based on Ag liquid formulations or with standard materials. In this study, a total of fifteen commercial products including dietary supplements, deodorants, fabric, skin protectants, and toothpastes that declare nano or colloidal Ag ingredients were investigated. To characterize the quantity, size, size distribution, and morphology of Ag nanoparticles used in the products, several analytical instrumental techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICPMS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were employed. Study results showed that Ag nanoparticles were found in eleven of the fifteen investigated commercial products, where the majority of Ag nanoparticles were spherical and smaller than 50 nm. The advantages and limitations of size characterization techniques were discussed with respect to product type. A combination of characterization techniques was highly desired based on the product type and other ingredients used to confirm the presence of nanostructures in consumer products.
银（Ag）是广泛应用于多种消费产品的少数几种纳米材料之一。然而，对于消费产品等复杂基质中的 Ag 纳米结构的检测和表征研究有限。大多数先前的分析方法开发研究基于 Ag 液体配方或标准材料。在这项研究中，共研究了 15 种商业产品，包括声称含有纳米或胶体 Ag 成分的膳食补充剂、除臭剂、织物、皮肤保护剂和牙膏。为了表征产品中使用的 Ag 纳米颗粒的数量、大小、大小分布和形态，采用了电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICPMS）、动态光散射（DLS）、差速离心沉降（DCS）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和能谱（EDS）等几种分析仪器技术。研究结果表明，在 15 种被调查的商业产品中有 11 种发现了 Ag 纳米颗粒，其中大多数 Ag 纳米颗粒为球形，小于 50nm。讨论了各种尺寸表征技术的优缺点，并根据产品类型和其他成分进行了讨论，以确认消费产品中存在纳米结构。
